Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract The production, accumulation and use of weapons of mass destruction is one of the controversial topics of the current era, whose religious and moral legitimacy has been deeply noticed by scholars in the field of religions and scholars in the field of ethics. Many Islamic scholars consider the verse iʿdād, i.e. verse 60 of Surah Anfāl, to be the proof of the permissibility and even the obligation of making and maintaining public weapons that will cause fear in the hearts of the enemy and prevent them from attacking. Based on this, the production and maintenance of weapons of mass destruction will also be obligatory according to the mentioned verse. Of course, the jurists mention reasons for assigning the mentioned verse about weapons of mass destruction, according to these reasons, weapons of mass destruction will be excluded from the obligation extracted from the said verse, and according to these special reasons, making and maintaining the aforementioned weapons is forbidden. Considering the national but also beyond the national importance of the mentioned issue and the need to know the relevance of religious teachings about this important global issue, it is necessary to research the relevance of these reasons in this regard. Based on the findings of this research, which was written in a descriptive- analytical method, by reflecting on Razavi’s hadith “Idhā Jāra al-Sultānu Hātat al-Dawlah”, the mentioned verse can be interpreted in such a way that its inclusion in relation to weapons of mass destruction will be distorted, not the original inclusion will be ascertained and its exit requires special evidence. In other words, the aforementioned weapons are specifically excluded from the scope of the aforementioned verse without the need for allocation.

Abstract By the development of the sociology of religion, pilgrimage as a social religious activity has also received the attention of social science researchers. In the phenomenological approach creatively, activists experience the principle of social action, and this lived experience emerges in the consciousness of others in an inter-subjective way. This research was conducted with the aim of understanding the knowledge and understanding of the lived experience of pilgrims and how to construct the phenomenon of pilgrimage and understand the meaning of the experience of pilgrimage by paying attention to the inter-subjective sharing of the pilgrims of the shrine of Imam Riḍā (pbuh) based on a phenomenological approach. The main technique used in this research is the interview, and a situation has been created for the pilgrim to describe his view of the experienced world using his own language and words. Interviews were conducted based on the religiosity conceptual model of Shojaizand with 5 samples of men with different personality types and the following results were obtained: Pilgrimage has cognitive, emotional and practical aspects. Pilgrims in the cognitive dimension seek to gain knowledge about the Imam and recognize the fact that the Imam is a mediator to reach his god; therefore, they pay attention to the Imam’s kindness towards them. In the emotional dimension, the pilgrimage brings a sense of peace and humility through individual and collective worship in the shrine of Imam Riḍā (pbuh) and the observance of morals by the pilgrims as much as possible. In the practical aspect, pilgrims demonstrate their adherence to the law by performing certain rituals and paying attention to individual and collective tasks.  

Abstract O One of the applied branches of psychology is behavior therapy. In behavioral therapy, using experimental psychology, especially learning psychology, techniques and methods are extracted and used in order to change and often correct people’s behavior. The two schools of behaviorism, Pavlov and Skinner, together with the theory of social learning and the theory of cognitive reconstruction, have proposed the most important theories about behavior change. Using the data of these theories, this research tried to identify and present the application of behavior change methods in the life of Imam Riḍā (as) with a descriptive- analytical typology approach. The results indicate that in Razavi’s life, the methods of cognitive reconstruction and observational learning are in the position of creating desirable behavior and the methods of primary, social, exchange and feedback reinforcements are identified, also, the use of the principle of facilitation in the position of stabilizing and expanding desirable behavior and methods of inhibition, depriving positive reinforcement and compensating the position of reducing or eliminating undesirable behavior can be recognized.  

One of the applied branches of psychology is behavior therapy. In behavioral therapy using experimental psychology, especially learning psychology, techniques and methods are extracted and used in order to change and often modify people's behavior. Two schools of behaviorism, Pavlov and Skinner, along with social learning theory and cognitive reconstruction theory, have proposed the most important theories about behavior change. Using the data of these theories, this research tries to identify and present the application of behavior change methods in the life of Imam Reza (a.s.) with a descriptive-analytical typology approach. The results indicate that in Razavi's way, the methods of cognitive reconstruction and observational learning in the position of creating desirable behavior, and the methods of primary, social, exchange and feedback reinforcements, as well as the use of the principle of facilitation in the position of ...

Abstract This article has been done in order to examine the content of the speeches of the shrine in the decade of dignity. Its analysis is based on the three key dimensions of the Islamic revolution, religious culture and Razavi culture, using 59 lectures and a codebook. The method used in this study is content analysis. The findings show that 80% of the lectures are suitable for content analysis. The most lectures in Imam Khomeini’s portico were given by Mr. Mandegari and Mr. Aali with an average duration of 31 minutes. About 80% of the lectures were public and 20% were only for women. In general, the most attention is paid to the religious culture index with 69%, followed by the Islamic Revolution index with 19% and the Razavi culture index with 11%. The most repeated dimensions in the speeches of the Decade of Dignity are: Religious education from the perspective of Islam, dignity and freedom, the role of knowledge in pilgrimage, human dignity in the Qur’an, hypocrisy and hypocrites in Islam, forgiveness and altruism, mother’s position in education, kindness and behavioral kindness, the position of Haḍrat Masoumeh (as), knowledgeable kindness and love, the position of Imam’s descendants (Imam Zādegan), the model of not following the arrogant, compassion and Jihadi management, the relationship between religion and politics, interaction with the deprived, work and entrepreneurship in Islam, protection of Islamic unity, resistance economy, economic and constitutional way and Sheikh Fazlullah; Therefore, it has been concluded that the dispersion of the content of the lectures is high, and on the other hand, some speakers have also tried to develop the scope of their concepts. Some have given short and some long speeches.

Abstract One of the fields of guidance of Imam Reza (as) is the explanation and interpretation of the divine verses. Among the precious legacy of hadith left by that infallible Imam (as), there is a hadith in the interpretation of verse 125 of Surah Anʿām. Shia scholars have placed this hadith among the hadiths entitled “Akhbār man Balāgh”, and other scholars have cited this hadith in fundamental fields. This research is based on a descriptive-analytical method and using library sources in order to measure the correlation of this hadith with the rule known as tolerance in the evidence of traditions. For this purpose, first of all, the validity of the document of this hadith has been analyzed. In the next step, the significance of this hadith on the principled approach to the rule of tolerance in non-mandatory rulings has been explained and criticized. Then, other scholars’ perception of this narrative has been examined in a theological approach. The chosen approach of the writing is that the above-mentioned hadith is the expression of Allah’s special guidance to the servants who have accepted the formative and legislative guidance. In this case, divine guidance makes them successful in understanding and accepting the teachings of religion and expands their intellectual horizon and practical sphere. In other words, the verbal interpretation of some of this hadith is only one of the examples of creating peace of mind when doubting whether the authentic hadith is true.

Abstract  

The foundations of cognitive semantics are based on conventional conceptual construction. Semantic constructions, like other semantic fields, reflect abstract concepts that a person has shaped based on his experiences. One of the semantic approaches is visual pictorial design. In this way, human experiences from the surrounding world create conceptual constructions in his mind that can be transferred on the level of language; therefore, tangible and embodied experiences within the conceptual system lead to the production of image schemas. The present article aims to examine some conceptual processes and constructions in cognitive semantics in the form of visual schemas, and for this purpose, the author has chosen 40 pieces of Razavi children’s poems to show that in Iranian religious children’s literature, how conceptual constructions help to understand abstract fields in children’s poetry. The findings of the research show that among the 40 children’s songs of Razavi, the majority of visual design are of movement type, and the reason for that can also be found in the theme of the poems; because concepts such as pilgrimage and attaining spiritual status require movement and activity. In addition, volume design also has a significant presence in children’s religious poems; the presence of this scheme is in line with the expression of achieving abstract concepts such as kindness, peace and liberation in the place of the Holy Shrine of the Imams (as). After the motion and volume plot, the visual plot of power occupies the third place in Razavi’s children’s poems. This is also due to the educational approach of Imams (as) who have tried to remove the obstacles to a desirable and ideal world.

Abstract Family is the foundation of society and the first center of its education and health is the first necessity of creating a religious and law-abiding society. On the other hand, the child is the capital entrusted to the parents so that through this passage, his abilities will be actualized and the perfect and creative human being will attain the divine attributes which is the philosophy of creation. The family, which is considered to be the most influential educational unit for children, emerged following social, economic and cultural changes, regrettably in Iran and the world, and in spite of huge industrial progress and greater prosperity, it has faced various open and hidden challenges and has failed to fulfill its mission. Undoubtedly, revitalizing its functions, including raising children, is considered vital. Is Imam Riḍā (as) whose words and behavior are proof and done according to Allah’s will, is he strict on the principles and methods of raising a child after birth in order to achieve educational goals? In these lines, the author has taken a step by reading sources in a library method and presenting them in a descriptive-analytical method, and the source of extracting principles and methods is his theoretical and practical way. The principles of children’s heterogeneity, love, justice and honoring the child with a religious name are of special interest to him. The following educational background methods, some of which are dedicated to the first week of childbirth and some of which are more inclusive, have been emphasized by Imam (as): Mother’s milk, choosing a wise and healthy nurse, saying adhān and iqāmah in the child’s ear, choosing a good name, aqīqah, giving alms according to the weight of the hair, circumcision, healthy nutrition, insisting on prayer, learning the Qur’an, familiarity with the teachings of the thought of Ahl al-Bayt (ah), politeness, praising positive actions, conditioning upbringing, keeping promises and punishing properly. Undoubtedly, if the family and education system is affected by the mentioned approaches, its output will be righteous and law-abiding children.