Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract The activities of armed groups and heterogeneous religious sects in the first Hijri centuries and by claiming to follow Islam, had caused the world of Islam in cultural aspects, to become a hotbed of discord, arrogance and violence among different Muslim groups and caliphate systems in place at the time. This trend reached its peak at the threshold of Maʾmūn Abbasi’s caliphate period. The enforcement of the successor position upon Imam Riḍā (as) by Maʾmūn  and his presence in Iran, established a good opportunity for Imam (as) for pursuing and implementing the valuable ideals of unity in a society full of chaos. This research, using the analytical-descriptive method while relying on narrative and historical sources and data, attempts to answer, and find the cultural strategies in question that were presumably used by Imam Riḍā (as) to create unity among Muslims as a scholar and a religious leader. The findings of this paper indicate that the Imam (as), based on the guidelines of the Holy Qur’an and Prophetic Sunnah and tradition in his new position at the capital area of Iran, had made the best progress in reaching unity among Muslims by adopting targeted and efficient cultural strategies. His Majesty (as) had considered the essence of the society’s way of thinking and attitude to be the most important element and organized his cultural strategies accordingly. In this context, conversations between Muslims and non-Muslims was pursued instead of ordering the killing of religious opponents. The role and the position of Imam (as) became especially evident in this framework; the focus was put on raising awareness among the scholars and the general public about religious truths and not the illusions of the deviants, and finally, good manners, respect, and the inherent dignity of human beings were further emphasized in all situations.

Abstract The invaluable anthology of Muntahi al-Āmāl by Abbas Qomi is one of the vitally important Shi’ism sources concerning the life history of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and the Twelve Imams (as); the book mainly revolves around the personal conditions and an incisive epitome of the Ahl al-Bayt’s (as) benignities, virtues, and thoughts. To this end, Imam Riḍā (as) played a major role because of being contemporaneuos with the pinnacle of discrepancies and political tensions in the course of Maʾmūn Abbasi’s succession; the book draws attention to his Majesty’s supersensible visage in certain parts of its content. In this article, the writers have set out to disclose the functional role of these narrations, known as the religious tools in the field of educational purposes of the society, using a methodical study and a contextual analysis of the educative aspects of Imam Riḍā’s (as) approach in the book; owing to the belief that to achieve knowledge of the viewpoints and the theoretical aspects of every character is to recognize the necessity for analyzing and examining the content of their speech and faith. The findings of this paper includes and is not limited to: a general summary of the atmosphere governing the narrations of the book, the examination and the analysis of the data, presentment of a comprehensive model for a systemic proof of these narrations, and the discovery of the educative methods of Imam Riḍā (as) for enriching the Razavi culture in society. The research method of this study incorporates a descriptive-analytical procedure by the utilization of library tools as well as a contextual examination in the expressive and directional formats. This article attempts to illuminate educational solutions and promote its localization in society.

Abstract  
Although “soft threat” is a modern concept, it’s always been present in security predicaments as well as cultural and political events. The threatening have used it as a tool in pushing aside their rivals; while the threatened have used various models for defense against it. Imam Kāẓim (as), contemporaneous with a complicated era, succeeded in immunizing the Shia society against the cultural and political soft threats while righteously guiding them by using a successful framework. The main question answered in this paper concerns the standards of his Majesty’s systemic approach against these soft threats and the constituent elements of this frame. The article utilizes a documentary method and a descriptive-analytical process for a scientific answer to the proposed question while achieving the intended goals. The research hypothesis is the behavioral logic of consistent unity in the multiplicity of a cultural society while in the way of exposure to soft threats. The findings indicate that Imam Riḍa’s countermeasures during the complexity of his era had possessed resolute logic and principles while the spirit of religious teachings and divine commands was apparent in his actions. At the same time, the secondary nature of this model was shaped because of the special circumstances at the time of Imam’s life in terms of the sociopolitical conditions, the sites of the threats and the threatening, and the complicated case regarding the position of the Shia. This research concluded that a successful Islamic model comprises two pillars: a fixed and inviolable pillar that originates from religious principles, and a variable element that is subject to the requirements of the time and is in accordance with the conditions regarding the threat’s space and time of occurrence; this has issued the nature of unity to Imam’s standard of approach while being confined in the multiplicity of the society at the time.

Abstract Matthew Lipman’s Philosophy for Children conveys the teachings of the mind’s cultivation to the subconscious state of children, and teenagers, predicated by questioning and challenging; it guides their intellect towards becoming curious while educating their thoughts. Philosophy for Children (P4C) recognizes narrative literature as an optimal tool in cultivating the child’s mind in embodying inquest and forming the procedural challenging of the knowledge of crisis resolution, creativity, conception and the apprehension of the universe, comprehension of the surrounding world, and the do’s and don’ts of the world. This research inspects the stories of “Guest of Imam Riḍā (as)” and “the Sun of Khorasan” based on Lipman’s framework according to literary, Philosophical, and Psychological affluences using the analytical-descriptive method and demonstrates the effects of the studied stories on broadening the Islamic and religious perspective of the child in hopes of improving the desire of the child for challenging and questioning the world. The findings indicate that the stories studied in this paper have philosophical affluence because they construct the inspection and exploration abilities of the child in the field of logic and law even though some stories have implausible themes. In contrast, the characterization and the theme contextuality of the stories are underdeveloped regarding their literary affluence and the narrative-like patterns without conversations will grow the child bored. However, the phrasal patterns remain appropriate for the age groups belonging to the Middle Grade (MG) and Young Adult (YA), and thus, the stories in question prove to be psychologically influential.

Abstract A successful manager is someone who, in situations, reaps the best and fastest benefits at times of crisis. In dealing with unusual set of circumstances, a crisis manager provides a reasonable solution to reclaim the fundamental interests and values. These uncustomary occurrences usually get recognized as signs of being a threat to the whole existence of the organization and a rather surprising event, thus, the need for immediate decision and change is fittingly acknowledged. Researchers of various management fields have studied both generalized and specialized behaviors of divine managers to discover the management principles existing within Islamic values. This paper has studied the topic by utilizing the analytical-descriptive method by means of Hermeneutic analysis procedure and a qualitative approach of phenomenology. The following findings answer the inquest regarding the approach of Imam Riḍā (as) to being offered the successor position by Maʾmūn Abbasi. First of all, the mainly related and important components of that era are examined. Furthermore, both opportunity and threat inducing components are studied in the form of contextual and governmental constituents. Then, using the approach of Imam Riḍā (as) in this case, the actions took by His Majesty (as) are examined in managing the crisis at the time, whether it’s related to pre-crisis preventions and preparation or during the crisis itself and post-crisis management proceedings.

Abstract One of the most important aspects of using tangible heritage in the field of historic buildings is to pay attention to their sphere of influence and valuable assets in terms of culture, art and society. Meanwhile, the issue of adapting these cultural elements to the needs of different time periods has become a challenging area in the process of part of the interventions in this field.The need for an efficient and holistic process in the field of physical interventions in tangible heritage has become more important than these interventions. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate this area in a case study of the holy shrine of Razavi with the aim of identifying and reporting the policy process of physical interventions in the surrounding context and identifying its effects on the social arena of neighbors.In this way, it seeks to answer the key question of how the tangible and intangible heritage of the holy shrine of Razavi has been present in the process of re-creation and physical intervention of the restorations. For this purpose, using the qualitative research method, library resources have been collected and their interpretive analysis has been done for the purpose of comparative study.

Abstract Undoubtedly, one of the necessities of the present age is the matter of conversation between religions; because the interaction and understanding of religions has a constructive and a decisive role in reducing conflicts. The vitality of convergence in the Islamic world becomes critical in the presence of the tense dynamics existing among countries of the Islamic world, caused by the interventions of foreign nations as well as the created divisions due to religious motives. The subject matter of this article includes dialogue, and its role in religious societies and its necessity in Razavi distinction of thought. Therefore, the main purpose of the article is how to achieve the feasibility of institutionalizing a conversing culture by relying on Razavi ways of life and cherished values. The findings of this paper indicates that Razavi’s mode of thought, such as a full-view mirror, reveals the fact that in dealing with other religions and sects, the best conversation with one’s ideological opponents can be held by keeping calm and creating a calm atmosphere. Therefore, the era of Imam Riḍā’s (as) Imamate, as the golden period of conversations and debates around proving the superiority of Qur’anic teachings, can be considered as a model for the necessity of renewed dialogue between Islamic religions, conversing etiquette, and peaceful coexistence among Muslims.