Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract The structure and spatialization of cities, directly or indirectly, display the identity elements of the people of that city. Since change is the only constant thing in the city, preserving the cultural assets in a city is one of the fundamental challenges of the contemporary world; The identity of the people is based on the cultural assets left over from the past, and finding a middle way for the sustainable development of cities, along with preserving the identity indicators, has been the constant concern of researchers in this field. Among the social and cultural capitals of Iran is the personality of Imam Reza (AS), whose trip to Iran, as the greatest religious event in the history of Iran, has provided Iranians with a treasure of narratives; each of which, in addition to being considered as a cultural capital, have the ability to become a symbolic capital and create added value. The current research, using the descriptive-analytical method and using documentary and library sources, seeks to explain how it is possible to create symbolic capital in urban and rural spaces by using these cultural capitals and base the urban identity on this great social and cultural origin. It is possible to build a resilient identity and sustainable development of cities by relying on the capital capacity symbolized by the narratives surrounding Imam Reza (AS); A major part of this sustainable development can rely on religious tourism.

Abstract Introducing the life and face of Imam Reza (a.s.) and getting to know his personality is one of the main goals of the authors and composers of Razavi literature for children and teenagers, which the activists of this field have seen as a mission and are trying to achieve this in different ways. find Paying attention to the knowledge that the introduction of Imam Reza’s face is more desirable and appropriate can have a great impact on planning, decisions and improving the quality of Razavi’s works for children and teenagers. For this reason, the aim of the current research is to analyze the characteristics of the desirable and appropriate introduction of Imam Reza’s life and appearance in children’s and adolescent fiction literature and to enrich it from the perspective of experts in this field based on a qualitative approach and contextual theory. The required data were collected through theoretical and targeted sampling through in-depth semi-structured interviews with teachers and experts in the field of literature and children in the city of Qom and through three processes; Open, central and selective coding, conceptualization and analysis. The findings of the research included 162 primary concepts, 55 sub-themes and 18 main themes, and the core category was “the richness of introducing the image of Imam Reza (a.s.) in children’s and adolescent literature”. Also, the paradigm model represents conditions and causes, factors and necessary necessities. In order to enrich the introduction and familiarization of Imam Reza (a.s.) in fiction literature for children and teenagers, it is necessary for all the influential components to provide the consequences of this by adopting the necessary measures and strategies.

Abstract Mathew Lipman proposed the Applied Philosophy for Children program as an educational program in the early 1970s, and with his effort and thought, it gradually evolved, as the acceptance of children and teachers as its audience, caused the expansion of this program in the American society and Other European, African and Asian societies. Cultivating the power of thinking and reasoning in children is Lipman’s goal of the Fabak program to provide the ground for the cultivation of thoughtful, knowledgeable, goal-oriented, questioning and creative people. Stories are the tools of the Fabak program, which are written using the methods of this program to guide children and teenagers to the digging loop. Multidimensional thinking includes creative, caring, critical and collaborative thinking that Lipman and his colleagues have explained and defined to develop a questioning and challenging mind in the audience (children and teenagers). Narratives taken from the lives of religious ascetics have a valuable yield for localizing the types of thinking, the fields of concepts and philosophical and mental questions; Therefore, religious and religious narratives based on fantasy elements (wonderful and wonderful), selected characters and precious models can be a good standard in the implementation of the philosophy program for children. The current research has investigated the types of thinking in the collection of anecdotes “Be Like Imam Reza (AS)” by Hossein Mirzaei based on Lipman’s multidimensional thinking with a descriptive- analytical approach. The results of the research indicate that these anecdotes are a strong stimulus for philosophical exploration and have the necessary capacity to explain philosophical and mental concepts and questions, such as the exchange of ideas and intellectual and reasoning skills or critical and creative thinking are among the most important and prominent types of thinking in the group. The stories are “Be like Imam Reza (AS)”.
 

Abstract Based on the data of Waqfs in Astan Quds Razavi and historical evidence, this article tries to present a clear picture of Immovable Waqf changes; Waqifs(Donators), type of Waqfs and their geographical distribution, manner of endowment consumption, as well as the assignment of Custodians or supervisor. In addition, From the perspective of social history and using some theoretical concepts, it seeks to explain these developments. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical historical method and interview were used.
The findings show that; The annual average of immovable Waqf in Pahlavi is about one and a half. %85 of the Waqifs belong to the middle-middle and upper-middle social base, and except for a few merchants and tradesmen, %40 have left the responsibility to Astan and %54 have not appointed a supervisor. %68 of the Waqfs had a special aspect and nearly %22 of the expenses were for medical purposes. %13 of cases are farms. The annual average of Waqfs during the times when one person was the Custodians and governor was 2/07, pieces While for the years when he was only a Custodians, it was 1.30. The correlation coefficient shows a direct relationship between the Custodians’ actions and the amount of Waqf, as well as a direct and strong relationship between the number of Waqf pieces and the months of trusteeship of Custodians. At the same time, attention should also be paid to factors such as the social image of Custodians, social stability, bureaucratization of the threshold and the effect of government policies. Therefore, the waqifs of this age have made Waqfs based on an understanding of the needs of the society, which was made more prominent by the actions of the Custodians of Astan and social networks affected by the institutional environment. In addition, the concentration in some cities can be explained by the cognitive approach and the continuation of the tradition of Waqf, but the lack of encouragement and support from the clergy and the government, as well as the growth of charitable organizations, were effective in the non-dispersion of Waqfs.

Abstract  
A significant portion of Imam Reza’s (a) hadiths is dedicated to the subject of Imamate. Thus, examining these hadiths from various perspectives is of considerable importance. This article aims, using a historical approach, to identify the components of Imamate from the Imam’s viewpoint and to understand their connection to the historical context of his time. Accordingly, the research question here is: what meaningful relationship exists between the historical context contemporary with Imam Ali ibn Musa (a) and the thematic diversity of the hadiths on Imamate attributed to him?
Based on the political and cultural atmosphere of the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries AH, it is evident that issues of leadership and Imamate in the Islamic community were still among the most contentious challenges among Islamic sects and denominations. Consequently, the numerous hadiths of Imam Reza (a) on the topic of Imamate are directly related to the crises and challenges of his time, including issues of caliphate and elective leadership, the permissibility of appointing a lesser figure over a more qualified one, the prioritization of caliphs, intra-Shi’a sects, and extremist factions. Among the Imam’s most significant actions to address these doubts and challenges was establishing the legitimacy of the Imamate of Ahl al-Bayt (a) by focusing on the components of divine appointment and the elevated status of the Imams, the virtues and superiority of Imam Ali (a), knowledge and infallibility, divine authority, and the obligatory obedience to the Imam. Each of these components clearly reflects Imam Ali ibn Musa’s (a) views on the differences, weaknesses, and errors in the perspectives of contemporary sects.

Abstract The works Deposited for us from the family of the Prophet (PBUH) are among the most prominent and beautiful texts in every period and time. Therefore, this requires every researcher to use his scientific ability to discover the aesthetics of this great Islamic heritage and express it. Since words have a great contribution to understanding the author’s style, evaluating the craftsmanship and eloquence of the literary text, and understanding the ideas of the text and its hidden and hidden themes, analyzing them as one of the components of the literary text greatly helps the researcher to explore different aspects of the individual work by examining the category. Among the different types of linguistic elements, knowing the words is a means of accurately identifying the art and eloquence of the writings of the Infallible Imam (AS) and distinguishing them from the style of the non-innocent, and since the supplications and prayers of the Infallible Imam (PBUH) are one of the most important literary genres, and are considered one of the religions of high literary importance in terms of language and speech; Given the importance of this topic and the reliance on the descriptive analytical research method, this article has addressed this part of Imam Reza’s (PBUH) writings and to investigate the category of choosing words and their different forms in Imam Reza’s (PBUH) prayer. Mohammad Abtahi wrote a book entitled (Al-Sahifa Al-Ridhawi Al-Jami’a) with the aim of answering questions such as how words are used, their types and different functions in Imam Reza’s (PBUH) prayer and their frequency in the variety. The methods and topics were discussed. He used more abstract, symbolic, explicit and specific words in his prayer and was interested in the compatibility of words with the topic of prayer and the situations and topics used in it.

Abstract  The debates of Imams Athar (a.s.), especially Imam Reza (a.s.), are of great importance due to the wide range of topics, methods, and scientific atmosphere as part of the effective sources of explaining and promoting Islamic knowledge. In this research, the scientific and moral dimensions of the most important debates of Imam Reza (a.s.) with the followers of different religions and scientists and different people have been analyzed based on Austin’s “speech act theory” from the point of view of homology, and the purpose of this was to find out how to use the three-level model. Austin should explain the scientific and moral aspects of Searle’s five actions in the debates of Imam Reza (a.s.). Speech act theory is one of the approaches that is proposed in the field of discourse analysis, and Austin has come to the conclusion that all linguistic statements are of the type of action statements and the verb category, and in fact, every statement is a type of speech act. Based on this theory and continuing the efforts of his teacher, John Searle divided speech acts into five declarative, persuasive, obligatory, emotional, and declarative acts. By applying the theories of these two to some of the debates of Imam Reza (a.s.), the conclusion has been reached that he paid attention to what these two linguists said, which can be a suitable model for methodical and academic discussions. It has also been found that Imam Reza (a.s.) used the first two levels of actions, i.e., expressive action and purposeful action, to achieve an impactful action in his debates and conversations, to convey his intention to the audience and influence him. Therefore, it should be said that the three-level model of the sleeve, i.e. expressive action, meaning, and effect, was considered by Imam Reza (a.s.) in addition to Searle’s five actions; In such a way that by generalizing to other debates, it can be said that effective action was the result of most of Imam Reza’s (a.s.) debates and scientific discussions.
 

Abstract The theory of intergenerational justice is a theoretical response to the problem of the environmental crisis and the threat to the rights of future generations, the purpose of which is to achieve a better quality of life for all generations and to achieve the goals of sustainable development; despite the modernity of this theory in international law, attention to life and The health of all generations, including future generations, has a long history in Razavi culture; the sum of the teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah and the emphasis of Imam Reza’s speech and behavior indicate that the concept of intergenerational justice is a duty to secure the rights of the future generation and protect natural resources and the environment. It is social and moral and consists of three dimensions of duty and environmental responsibility, social solidarity and creation of equal opportunity, economic efficiency and sustainability of consumption, which are the dimensions of sustainable development in international law.
With the difference that in the discourse of the international law system, only the protection of the rights of future generations is taken into consideration, but in the Razavi culture, the centrality of God and the exaltation of the ontological approach of man are emphasized; in addition, justice in international law, The necessary condition is sustainable development, but in the mentioned culture, it is more than the necessary condition and continuity of life, but it is the same as the stability and survival of life; Therefore, each generation receives all public protection from the previous generations and has obligations as a trustee to protect it for future generations as beneficiaries; Also, in the mentioned culture, justice has a wide concept and in addition to the field of creation, it also includes the fields of legislation and punishment.
 

Abstract    This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, investigates the effects of the communication between pilgrims and neighbors in the religious ritual of walking to Mashhad in the last decade of the month of Safar in 1401 solar year, on two indicators of the quality of life and the social capital of the residents. The statistical population of this research is all experts in urban and regional planning and tourism and pilgrimage services in Mashhad. By examining the individual and demographics of the members and using a sample t-test in SPSS software, the two main research questions are answered, and then the importance coefficient of each criterion is addressed through AHP (hierarchical) analysis. According to the examination of the average indicators and criteria and the significance level of the quality of life index test and the significance level of the social capital index test, it can be concluded that this social connection increases the quality of life and social capital of the residents. In the category of quality of life, respectively (quality of environment and housing), (health and social-individual well-being) and (solidarity and participation) are recognized as having high priority, and (employment and income), (education and culture), (quality of infrastructure) ) and (entertainment and free time), are in the next priorities. Also, in the prioritization and importance coefficient of the social capital category, (trust in pilgrims), (security for traveling at night) and (awareness of religious tourism) have the highest importance coefficient.