Throughout history, European travel writers and tourists interested in visiting the Razavi Shrine often traveled to Mashhad without knowing the specific rules of the Razavi Shrine and its sanctuaries. During their travels, tourists would ask their Muslim companions, who were on their way to visit the Shrine, They rarely mentioned in their travelogues any reports of their fellow travelers not being accepted, or any complaints or grievances about the regulations for travelers in pilgrimage caravans. However, when they arrived in Mashhad, based on their goals, which were mostly to tour and visit the historical complex of the Holy Shrine, They would encounter an unexpected challenge that would make them tired of the journey. Preventing non-Muslims from visiting the Holy Shrine was a problem during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, which made European tourists very reluctant to travel to Mashhad. The research method in this study is quantitative and qualitative with a descriptive approach based on events taken from European travelogues in the 13th and 14th centuries AH. This research seeks to find the answer to the question: What measures or reactions did non-Muslim travel writers have in order to create a ban on the Holy Shrine? This research seeks to find the answer to the question: What measures or reactions did non-Muslim travel writers have in order to create a ban on the Holy Shrine? The findings of this study indicate that a large number of them were subject to the legitimate laws and current regulations of the Holy Shrine and public opinion. Therefore, after understanding the limitations, they preferred not to even approach the sanctum sanctorum. Some people also entered the shrine of Imam Reza through legal channels and influence, and a few people have also visited or reported on the holy shrine using subtle tricks and special tricks.
Attariyani,H. R. , Mahbouba,M. and Shadpour,H. (2025). Prohibition of non-Muslim entry to the shrine of Imam Reza from the point of view of travel writers in the 13th and 14th centuries (A.H.). (e233962). Journal of Razavi Culture, (), e233962 doi: 10.22034/farzv.2025.507039.2076
MLA
Attariyani,H. R. , , Mahbouba,M. , and Shadpour,H. . "Prohibition of non-Muslim entry to the shrine of Imam Reza from the point of view of travel writers in the 13th and 14th centuries (A.H.)" .e233962 , Journal of Razavi Culture, , , 2025, e233962. doi: 10.22034/farzv.2025.507039.2076
HARVARD
Attariyani H. R., Mahbouba M., Shadpour H. (2025). 'Prohibition of non-Muslim entry to the shrine of Imam Reza from the point of view of travel writers in the 13th and 14th centuries (A.H.)', Journal of Razavi Culture, (), e233962. doi: 10.22034/farzv.2025.507039.2076
CHICAGO
H. R. Attariyani, M. Mahbouba and H. Shadpour, "Prohibition of non-Muslim entry to the shrine of Imam Reza from the point of view of travel writers in the 13th and 14th centuries (A.H.)," Journal of Razavi Culture, (2025): e233962, doi: 10.22034/farzv.2025.507039.2076
VANCOUVER
Attariyani H. R., Mahbouba M., Shadpour H. Prohibition of non-Muslim entry to the shrine of Imam Reza from the point of view of travel writers in the 13th and 14th centuries (A.H.). Journal of Razavi Culture, 2025; (): e233962. doi: 10.22034/farzv.2025.507039.2076