Journal of Razavi Culture

An Analysis of Waqf Developments in the Pahlavi Era )Case Study: Astan Quds Razavi(

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mostafa Farzaneh 1
Vahid Shalchi 2
Majid Fouladian 3

1 Ph.D. Candidate in Political Sociology, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

2 Corresponding Author, Associate Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Author)

3 Associate Professor of Sociology, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Department of Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/farzv.2023.414855.1909
Abstract
Based on the data of Waqfs in Astan Quds Razavi and historical evidence, this article tries to present a clear picture of Immovable Waqf changes; Waqifs(Donators), type of Waqfs and their geographical distribution, manner of endowment consumption, as well as the assignment of Custodians or supervisor. In addition, From the perspective of social history and using some theoretical concepts, it seeks to explain these developments. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical historical method and interview were used.
The findings show that; The annual average of immovable Waqf in Pahlavi is about one and a half. %85 of the Waqifs belong to the middle-middle and upper-middle social base, and except for a few merchants and tradesmen, %40 have left the responsibility to Astan and %54 have not appointed a supervisor. %68 of the Waqfs had a special aspect and nearly %22 of the expenses were for medical purposes. %13 of cases are farms. The annual average of Waqfs during the times when one person was the Custodians and governor was 2/07, pieces While for the years when he was only a Custodians, it was 1.30. The correlation coefficient shows a direct relationship between the Custodians’ actions and the amount of Waqf, as well as a direct and strong relationship between the number of Waqf pieces and the months of trusteeship of Custodians. At the same time, attention should also be paid to factors such as the social image of Custodians, social stability, bureaucratization of the threshold and the effect of government policies. Therefore, the waqifs of this age have made Waqfs based on an understanding of the needs of the society, which was made more prominent by the actions of the Custodians of Astan and social networks affected by the institutional environment. In addition, the concentration in some cities can be explained by the cognitive approach and the continuation of the tradition of Waqf, but the lack of encouragement and support from the clergy and the government, as well as the growth of charitable organizations, were effective in the non-dispersion of Waqfs.

Keywords

Waqf
Pahlavi
Astan Quds
social history
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