Journal of Razavi Culture

Application of Rifater's Semiotic Model in Reading of the Poem Gharīb al-Ghurabā by Maʿrouf Abdul Majid

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi 1
mona nanadeali 2

1 . Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Tehran, Iran (corresponding author)

2 Ph.D. student of Arabic language and literature, Khwarazmi University, Tehran, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22034/farzv.2023.365934.1811
Abstract
Peace is the main essence of all religions and pacifism is the goal that all religions have offered solutions for. In Razavi culture, based on principles such as justice, intellectual and social development, tolerance and forgiveness, peace is considered one of the most fundamental principles in international relations. Creating peace, before it is a material act, is a spiritual matter that relies on honoring the real human rights; and unlike the international legal literature, which is equivalent to a negative concept; it is not limited to the absence of war, rather, beyond that, it is a positive concept that means peaceful coexistence with the preservation of human dignity. This research, which was carried out in a descriptive and analytical way, indicates that in Razavi culture, contrary to the unrealistic and ethnocentric view of some western orientalists such as Bernard Lewis, Huntington, etc., who present Islam as a religion incompatible with peace and democracy and a source of violence and terrorism, Islam is the messenger of peace and friendship, and it has the ability to present a new and comprehensive theory compared to other theories and theoretical paradigms in the field of international relations; because the realm of implementing peace in Razavi culture includes peace in a general sense in addition to peace in a specific sense. In this culture, contrary to what is mentioned in the literature of the law of armed conflicts, there is no preemptive legal defense, because peace is a sacred thing and Jihād is a humanitarian action in the direction of spreading peace and security in the light of divine sovereignty, negation of tyranny, defense of the oppressed, and fight against injustice.

Keywords

Islam
Respect for Real Human Rights
Human Dignity
Peaceful Coexistence
Abdul Majid, famous. (1420 AH). Bloun Alghar Bloun Al Ghadir. Qom: Al-Aqeediya Research Center. [In Arabic].
Abdul Latif, Mohammad. (1992). Language and poetry. Cairo: Zahra School [In Arabic].
Barak, Behzad; Eftekhari, Tayyaba. (1389). "Poetry semiotics: application of Michael Rifater's theory on a borderline poem by Merz Forough Farrokhzad". Comparative language and literature researches. Course 1. Volume 4. pp: 109-130. [In Persian].
Chandler, Daniel. (1400). Basics of semiotics. Translated by Mehdi Parsa. The seventh edition. Tehran: Surah Mehr Publications. [In Persian].
Emami, Nasrallah. (1389). Basics and methods of literary criticism. fourth edition. Tehran: Jami Publishing. [In Persian].
 Farabi. Volume 11. Vol. 41. pp. 111-138. [In Persian].
Farzan. Sojudi, (1382). Applied semiotics. Tehran: Qasa Publishing. [In Persian].
ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ. (2018). Semiotics: Theory and Practice. Researches. Third edition. Tehran: Science. [In Persian].
Junqani, Massoud. (2016). Semiotics of poetry. Tehran: Parsi Script Publishing. [In Persian].
Payandeh, Hossein. (2018). Theory and literary criticism. The second volume. second edition. Tehran: Samit Publications. [In Persian]
 Riffatter, Michael. 1978. Semiotics Of Poetry . Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Salimi, Ibrahim. (2017). "The centripetal system is a sign in Paul Alvar's poem of freedom". French language and translation studies. Course 1. Volume 1. pp: 67-80. [In Persian].
Selden, Raman. (1400). A Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. Translated by Abbas Mokhbar. second edition. Tehran: Ban Publisher. [In Persian].
Sim, Stewart. (1380). "Structuralism and Poststructuralism". Translated by Fattah Mohammadi.
 Scholes, Robert. (1379). An introduction to structuralism in literature. Translated by Farzaneh  Taheri. Tehran: Aghaz Publishing. [In Persian].

Home

Submit Manuscript

Contact Us