Imam Reza (A.S) International Foundation for Culture and Arts Journal of Razavi Culture 2345-2560 5 19 2017 11 22 Explanation of Islamic Lifestyle (Razavi); Strategies for its Continuity in Iranian Society Explanation of Islamic Lifestyle (Razavi); Strategies for its Continuity in Iranian Society 7 40 57840 FA Reza HosseinPour Graduate student in Architecture ,Islamic Art University of Tabriz Azita Balali Oskuyi Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development, Islamic Art University of Tabriz MohammadAli KeyNejad Professor of Architecture , Sahand Industrial University Journal Article 2018 02 19 The concept of lifestyle, despite its functional importance and incorporating ability, has been one of the most important explanatory frameworks in sociology and cultural studies in recent decades. Accordingly, the present article seeks to explore the possibility and areas of promotion, deepening and expanding religious lifestyle in Iranian society.The basic assumption is that in the Iranian society, influenced by the waves of modernity, there are different models of lifestyle along with the religious and traditional lifestyles and there exists a serious competition (in the cultural field and in particular to encompass a variety of lifestyles), as well. Therefore, the main issue of this study is to investigate the adequacy or accountability of religious models of lifestyle to meet the existing needs and how to adapt these models to the existing conditions. In this regard, Imam Reza's (P.B.U.H.) tradition has been notable as an example of the Islamic lifestyle, due to his lifetime in the center of Iranian society.The questions of the study are: What are the features and dimentions of religious lifestyle? What are the background and factors of the establishment, influence, and continuity of the Islamic lifestyle in Iranian society? To collect the data, a questionnaire was given to the sociologist professors of Tabriz. Drawing on descriptive and analytical approaches, this study examined the problems and obstacles of the establishment and continuity of Islamic lifestyle (pure life) and suggested some solutions:first, the diversity of religious lifestyles should be noted. Second, the efforts of religious revivalists in contemporary periods to promote Islamic lifestyle should be addressed in the cultural policy centers. The concept of lifestyle, despite its functional importance and incorporating ability, has been one of the most important explanatory frameworks in sociology and cultural studies in recent decades. Accordingly, the present article seeks to explore the possibility and areas of promotion, deepening and expanding religious lifestyle in Iranian society.The basic assumption is that in the Iranian society, influenced by the waves of modernity, there are different models of lifestyle along with the religious and traditional lifestyles and there exists a serious competition (in the cultural field and in particular to encompass a variety of lifestyles), as well. Therefore, the main issue of this study is to investigate the adequacy or accountability of religious models of lifestyle to meet the existing needs and how to adapt these models to the existing conditions. In this regard, Imam Reza's (P.B.U.H.) tradition has been notable as an example of the Islamic lifestyle, due to his lifetime in the center of Iranian society.The questions of the study are: What are the features and dimentions of religious lifestyle? What are the background and factors of the establishment, influence, and continuity of the Islamic lifestyle in Iranian society? To collect the data, a questionnaire was given to the sociologist professors of Tabriz. Drawing on descriptive and analytical approaches, this study examined the problems and obstacles of the establishment and continuity of Islamic lifestyle (pure life) and suggested some solutions:first, the diversity of religious lifestyles should be noted. Second, the efforts of religious revivalists in contemporary periods to promote Islamic lifestyle should be addressed in the cultural policy centers.

http://www.farhangerazavi.ir/article_57840_40b393d7b1a09e0eda62340f2baac8f2.pdf

Imam Reza (A.S) International Foundation for Culture and Arts Journal of Razavi Culture 2345-2560 5 19 2017 11 22 An Investigation of Spiritual Figures of Speech in the Words of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and Imam Sajjad (P.B.U.H.) An Investigation of Spiritual Figures of Speech in the Words of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and Imam Sajjad (P.B.U.H.) 41 72 57842 FA Mostafa Esfandeyari Assistant Professor at the Department of Islamic Philosophy, Razavi Islamic Sciences University Hossain Nazzery Professor of Arabic Literature and Language, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Ali-Reza Nadderi Laeen Ph.D. student in Arabic Literature and Language , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Journal Article 2018 02 19 Spiritual figures of speech are ornaments that decorate the speech and bring the ordinary language closer to the figurative language. They make understanding of the word easy, too. Employing them in the speech indicates the capabilities of the speaker. The eloquent words of the Imams (P.B.U.H.), which are full of rhetoric, eloquence, and various technical and literary issues, are influenced by the familiarity with the Quran and the divine knowledge. Their words are at a high level from the literary and rhetorical point of view and are considered as a sea of literary and rhetorical sciences. The Great Imams (P.B.U.H.) have multiplied the effects of their words with the use of spiritual figures. It is noteworthy that the Arabic speech has been mostly examined from the perspective of rhetorical figures, and there has been little research conducted from the perspective of spiritual figures of speech. This research, using descriptive and analytic approaches, investigated the spiritual figures of speech in the words of Imam Sajjad (P.B.U.H.) and Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and assessed and recognized the elements of spiritual aesthetics and their effects in the words of these greats. Spiritual figures of speech are ornaments that decorate the speech and bring the ordinary language closer to the figurative language. They make understanding of the word easy, too. Employing them in the speech indicates the capabilities of the speaker. The eloquent words of the Imams (P.B.U.H.), which are full of rhetoric, eloquence, and various technical and literary issues, are influenced by the familiarity with the Quran and the divine knowledge. Their words are at a high level from the literary and rhetorical point of view and are considered as a sea of literary and rhetorical sciences. The Great Imams (P.B.U.H.) have multiplied the effects of their words with the use of spiritual figures. It is noteworthy that the Arabic speech has been mostly examined from the perspective of rhetorical figures, and there has been little research conducted from the perspective of spiritual figures of speech. This research, using descriptive and analytic approaches, investigated the spiritual figures of speech in the words of Imam Sajjad (P.B.U.H.) and Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and assessed and recognized the elements of spiritual aesthetics and their effects in the words of these greats.

http://www.farhangerazavi.ir/article_57842_8359bc4376e89b729d92ddd9b8a53c46.pdf

Imam Reza (A.S) International Foundation for Culture and Arts Journal of Razavi Culture 2345-2560 5 19 2017 11 22 A Discourse Analysis of Religions in the Debates of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and Christian and Jewish Scholars A Discourse Analysis of Religions in the Debates of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and Christian and Jewish Scholars 73 104 57843 FA Ensieh Khazali Associate Professor at the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Al-Zahra Zahri Ansari Nia Ph.D. student in Arabic Language and Literature, University of Al-Zahra Journal Article 2018 02 19 The subject of the common debates among Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.), Christian scholars, and Jewish scholars in Marv was "the divinity of the Jesus". In one of these debates, Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) argued against this issue. He presented direct arguments against the divinity of the Jesus and indirect arguments to prove the prophethood of the Jesus Christ and Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) utilized semantic and linguistic proofs to influence and persuade the audiences and to neutralize their arguments, as well. The use of emphasis, cohesive devices, and special verbs plays a significant role in highlighting the speech, whereas ignoring, understating, and using expressions without connotations are effective in marginalizing some concepts. Some of his proofs are textual and specifically linguistic. Some of them are contextual and were influenced by the setting, the point of view, and the beliefs of the audiences. The current study, using descriptive and analytical approaches, examines the debate of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and Catholicos about the prophethood of Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). This study uses the ideological square of Van Dijk as a methodology which is centered on highlighting and marginalizing. The subject of the common debates among Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.), Christian scholars, and Jewish scholars in Marv was "the divinity of the Jesus". In one of these debates, Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) argued against this issue. He presented direct arguments against the divinity of the Jesus and indirect arguments to prove the prophethood of the Jesus Christ and Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) utilized semantic and linguistic proofs to influence and persuade the audiences and to neutralize their arguments, as well. The use of emphasis, cohesive devices, and special verbs plays a significant role in highlighting the speech, whereas ignoring, understating, and using expressions without connotations are effective in marginalizing some concepts. Some of his proofs are textual and specifically linguistic. Some of them are contextual and were influenced by the setting, the point of view, and the beliefs of the audiences. The current study, using descriptive and analytical approaches, examines the debate of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) and Catholicos about the prophethood of Muhammad (P.B.U.H.). This study uses the ideological square of Van Dijk as a methodology which is centered on highlighting and marginalizing.

http://www.farhangerazavi.ir/article_57843_d2af662257c2d673d8cf29d630eb25ab.pdf

Imam Reza (A.S) International Foundation for Culture and Arts Journal of Razavi Culture 2345-2560 5 19 2017 11 22 An Investigation of the Pour Ebadi's Translation of the Razavi's Wisdom based on the Theory of Antoine Burman, "Deforming Tendencies" An Investigation of the Pour Ebadi's Translation of the Razavi's Wisdom based on the Theory of Antoine Burman, "Deforming Tendencies" 105 122 57844 FA Seyyed Mehdi Masboogh Associate Professor at the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Bu Ali, Hamedan, Iran 0000-0003-0739-982X Abozar Gholzar Khojasteh Ph.D. student in Arabic Language and Literature, University of Bu Ali, Hamedan, Iran Journal Article 2018 02 19 Antoine Burman was a translator, philosopher, historian, and theorist of translation. Inspired by Philosophy, he had a new look on Translation Studies. Burman, as a translator and theorist, paid special attention to the original text and believed in the translator's loyalty in the act of translation. This descriptive research examined Pour Ebadi's translation of the Razavi's Wisdom drawing on the seven elements of Burman's text distortion. These elements are "rationalization, clarification, expansion, ennoblement, qualitative impoverishment, quantitative impoverishment, and the destruction of rhythm". The results indicated that among the seven components, "expansion" was the most frequent factor of text distortion in Pour Ebadi's translation and affected "clarification", too. In some cases, there was an increase in the "clarification" element in his translation. In general, Pour Ebadi was faithful to the original text regarding the structure and the content. In the three areas of "qualitative impoverishment, quantitative impoverishment, and the destruction of rhythm", the least deviation was seen from the original text. Antoine Burman was a translator, philosopher, historian, and theorist of translation. Inspired by Philosophy, he had a new look on Translation Studies. Burman, as a translator and theorist, paid special attention to the original text and believed in the translator's loyalty in the act of translation. This descriptive research examined Pour Ebadi's translation of the Razavi's Wisdom drawing on the seven elements of Burman's text distortion. These elements are "rationalization, clarification, expansion, ennoblement, qualitative impoverishment, quantitative impoverishment, and the destruction of rhythm". The results indicated that among the seven components, "expansion" was the most frequent factor of text distortion in Pour Ebadi's translation and affected "clarification", too. In some cases, there was an increase in the "clarification" element in his translation. In general, Pour Ebadi was faithful to the original text regarding the structure and the content. In the three areas of "qualitative impoverishment, quantitative impoverishment, and the destruction of rhythm", the least deviation was seen from the original text.

http://www.farhangerazavi.ir/article_57844_3e5589b2df55552e7716818b29ba2a2d.pdf

Imam Reza (A.S) International Foundation for Culture and Arts Journal of Razavi Culture 2345-2560 5 19 2017 11 22 An Analysis of Verse 12," and of the earth the like of them", in the Chapter of Divorce with the Emphasis on Razavi Narrative An Analysis of Verse 12," and of the earth the like of them", in the Chapter of Divorce with the Emphasis on Razavi Narrative 123 148 57845 FA Ali Sharifi Assistant professor at the Department of Quran and Hadith at Allameh Tabatabaie University Zahra Besharati Ph.D. student in Quran and Hadith at Allameh Tabatabaie University Journal Article 2018 02 19 In one of the narratives of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.), the phrase "and of the earth the like of them", which is a part of verse 12 in the chapter of Divorce in the Quran, was clarified as domed heavens and earth. Due to the various interpretations about this verse (such as numerical similarity, qualitative similarity, and creation similarity between heavens and earth), an investigation of narratives related to this verse would highlight the role of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) in clarifying the creation of heavens and earth and the similarity of the earth to heavens. This narrative was referred in various recourses and was the base of numerous interpretations of seven earths. In this narrative, the numerical similarity between earth and heavens was mentioned. Due to some conflicts about the implications of the word "earth" in the Quran, this narrative was considered invalid and falsified. Therefore, in this research, the text of the narrative was examined from the perspective of the Quran, narratives, Arabic language, and some facts. The results indicated the validity of this narrative and Imam Reza's (P.B.U.H.) insight and knowledge in the explanation of the verses relating to creation. In one of the narratives of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.), the phrase "and of the earth the like of them", which is a part of verse 12 in the chapter of Divorce in the Quran, was clarified as domed heavens and earth. Due to the various interpretations about this verse (such as numerical similarity, qualitative similarity, and creation similarity between heavens and earth), an investigation of narratives related to this verse would highlight the role of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) in clarifying the creation of heavens and earth and the similarity of the earth to heavens. This narrative was referred in various recourses and was the base of numerous interpretations of seven earths. In this narrative, the numerical similarity between earth and heavens was mentioned. Due to some conflicts about the implications of the word "earth" in the Quran, this narrative was considered invalid and falsified. Therefore, in this research, the text of the narrative was examined from the perspective of the Quran, narratives, Arabic language, and some facts. The results indicated the validity of this narrative and Imam Reza's (P.B.U.H.) insight and knowledge in the explanation of the verses relating to creation.

http://www.farhangerazavi.ir/article_57845_4192dbfc92c414a8950820281923f336.pdf

Imam Reza (A.S) International Foundation for Culture and Arts Journal of Razavi Culture 2345-2560 5 19 2017 11 22 Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) Preaching Methods Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) Preaching Methods 149 176 57846 FA Enayatollah Sharifi Associate professor at Allameh Tabataba’i University(ATU) Mohammad Hossein Khaninzadeh Associate professor at Allameh Tabataba’i University(ATU) Hesam-al-din Khala’tbari Limaki Assistant Professor of Islamic Studies at Allameh Tabataba'i University(ATU) Journal Article 2018 02 19 Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.), as an innocent Imam and leader, has undoubtedly used special methods for the preaching of Islam and leading people in the society. Using descriptive and analytic approaches, this study attempts to find the methods by which Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) was able to preach Islam and Shia religion. The researchers have attempted to analyze Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) preaching methods from three different dimensions namely cognitive, emotional, and behavioral based on verse 125 of Surah An-Nahl. Cognitive approaches include methods that Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) adopted to increase people’s awareness about theoretical bases and beliefs, the most important of which are explaining the basics and the worldview of Islam, the use of reasoning, argumentation, and rationalism. Emotional methods are those by which the preacher attempts to guide people through their emotions and psychological tendencies, the most significant of which in Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) preaching methods include affection and kindness, showing reverence for one’s personality, giving advice, and recognizing the audience and opportunities. Behavioral methods are those by which the preacher attempts to change and modify unfavorable behaviors in the individual and in return create and stabilize appropriate behaviors. The most important behavioral methods of preaching are as follows: delivering models and lectures, debating in the best way, enjoining good and forbidding wrong, reservation, traveling to scientific centers and training pupils... . Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.), as an innocent Imam and leader, has undoubtedly used special methods for the preaching of Islam and leading people in the society. Using descriptive and analytic approaches, this study attempts to find the methods by which Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) was able to preach Islam and Shia religion. The researchers have attempted to analyze Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) preaching methods from three different dimensions namely cognitive, emotional, and behavioral based on verse 125 of Surah An-Nahl. Cognitive approaches include methods that Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) adopted to increase people’s awareness about theoretical bases and beliefs, the most important of which are explaining the basics and the worldview of Islam, the use of reasoning, argumentation, and rationalism. Emotional methods are those by which the preacher attempts to guide people through their emotions and psychological tendencies, the most significant of which in Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) preaching methods include affection and kindness, showing reverence for one’s personality, giving advice, and recognizing the audience and opportunities. Behavioral methods are those by which the preacher attempts to change and modify unfavorable behaviors in the individual and in return create and stabilize appropriate behaviors. The most important behavioral methods of preaching are as follows: delivering models and lectures, debating in the best way, enjoining good and forbidding wrong, reservation, traveling to scientific centers and training pupils... .

http://www.farhangerazavi.ir/article_57846_f28264863c01e1a742f6ab22e27620df.pdf

Imam Reza (A.S) International Foundation for Culture and Arts Journal of Razavi Culture 2345-2560 5 19 2017 11 22 Strategies for Religious Training in Cyberspace with an Emphasis on the Quranic Teachings and Imam Reza’s Traditions Strategies for Religious Training in Cyberspace with an Emphasis on the Quranic Teachings and Imam Reza’s Traditions 177 211 57847 FA Mojtaba Norouzi Assistant Professor at the University of Quranic sciences and M'arif, The Faculty of Quran Teacher Training in Mashhad Abulfazl Kazemi university of quran Sayed Fatemeh Shahmoradi M.A in Quran Studies, Mashhad University of Quran and Islamic Studies, The Faculty of Quran Teacher Training in Mashhad Journal Article 2018 02 19 Environment, as an influential aspect of training, has always directly had an influence on the process of training and education. The constructive and destructive roles of the educational environment and methods to improve and enhance its effectiveness should always be considered by the educators and parents so as to achieve positive results in training. This issue has been at the center of attention in Islamic culture. Nowadays, with the rapid development of virtual networks, such as the Internet, mobile phones, and social networks, a new educational environment, known as cyberspace, has appeared which has significantly affected different individuals, especially children and adolescents. It will affect the training of the audience both directly and indirectly, as well. By analyzing the educational challenges in the cyberspace, the current study firstly recounts the challenging features of the cyberspace and secondly presents effective strategies in addressing the educational challenges in the cyberspace by focusing on Quranic verses and investigating the content of Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) tradition. Some of the challenging features of the education in the cyberspace are as follows: Its western origin, its endlessness and uncontrollability, conflicts of cultures in the cyberspace, privacy of users being invaded, anonymity of identities, crimes against chastity and public grace and ethics, enemy’s investment in virtual networks and soft war, and the negative effects on the users’ morals. On the other hand, there are some strategies which Quranic verses and Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) recommend to us. They are as follows: Acculturalization of optimal and accurate use of the cyberspace, training the educators and parents on the potential dangers of cyberspace, producing and developing the cultural products in cyberspace according to the Islamic religion, supervision over and accompaniment with children in their use of cyberspace, the replacement of foreign culture with the insider culture, reinforcing the beliefs, giving insight and awareness to the users. Environment, as an influential aspect of training, has always directly had an influence on the process of training and education. The constructive and destructive roles of the educational environment and methods to improve and enhance its effectiveness should always be considered by the educators and parents so as to achieve positive results in training. This issue has been at the center of attention in Islamic culture. Nowadays, with the rapid development of virtual networks, such as the Internet, mobile phones, and social networks, a new educational environment, known as cyberspace, has appeared which has significantly affected different individuals, especially children and adolescents. It will affect the training of the audience both directly and indirectly, as well. By analyzing the educational challenges in the cyberspace, the current study firstly recounts the challenging features of the cyberspace and secondly presents effective strategies in addressing the educational challenges in the cyberspace by focusing on Quranic verses and investigating the content of Imam Reza’s (P.B.U.H.) tradition. Some of the challenging features of the education in the cyberspace are as follows: Its western origin, its endlessness and uncontrollability, conflicts of cultures in the cyberspace, privacy of users being invaded, anonymity of identities, crimes against chastity and public grace and ethics, enemy’s investment in virtual networks and soft war, and the negative effects on the users’ morals. On the other hand, there are some strategies which Quranic verses and Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) recommend to us. They are as follows: Acculturalization of optimal and accurate use of the cyberspace, training the educators and parents on the potential dangers of cyberspace, producing and developing the cultural products in cyberspace according to the Islamic religion, supervision over and accompaniment with children in their use of cyberspace, the replacement of foreign culture with the insider culture, reinforcing the beliefs, giving insight and awareness to the users.

http://www.farhangerazavi.ir/article_57847_22de1ba28b85c7acf35f6ad0b4fb42b5.pdf