Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract Human societies perform special rituals to perpetuate beliefs, strengthen norms, and maintain behavioral patterns. Such rituals are usually repeated regularly on certain days of the year, which are considered different from other days; Therefore, for religious people, time is not uniform, but some times are “holy” and others are “unholy”, each of which has special customs. According to religious texts, among the holy times, but also the most holy time for Muslims, is the day of “Ghadir”. According to the author, there is no balance between days of sadness and happiness in Iran. Despite the priority of Ghadir over all Eid days, it does not have a proper place in the life of the Iranian world, compared to Nowruz and Ashura days. Inspired by semiotic techniques, the author has analyzed Ghadir as a sacred time, based on the texts left by Imam Reza (AS). In addition to expressing the high position of Ghadir among Islamic holidays, the text also teaches the way of marking and cultural policy in the field of sacred time. The results of the research indicate that Ghadir has been marked in such a way that if it is implemented according to the policies of Imam (a.s.), it can achieve components such as “social cohesion”, “spiritualization and connection of people to the sky”, “psychological comfort”, “liberation and society’s purity”, “material development and prosperity” and “historical identity”.

Abstract The late Azizollah Attarodi, a prominent contemporary hadith scholar, made significant efforts in collecting, translating, and promoting the narrations of the Infallible Imams (a.s.). Among these efforts was the compilation and organization of the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) into Musnad form, categorized according to each individual Imam. With regards to the narrations of Imam Reza (a.s.), in addition to collecting, organizing, and publishing them under the title “Musnad al-Imam al-Reza Abi al-Hasan Ali ibn Musa (a.s.)”, Attarodi also undertook the translation of the narrations of this work, titling it “Akhbar wa Athar Hazrat Imam Reza (a.s.)” (Narrations and Works of Imam Reza (a.s.)). Mr. Attarodi has made some errors in the translation of certain narrations, and the resulting translation does not accurately reflect the Arabic text of the narrations. Therefore, this research, using a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question: what criticisms can be made of the translation of Musnad Imam Reza (a.s.)? The research findings indicate that at least five main criticisms can be levied against the translation: 1. Mistakes in finding the equivalent meanings of words; this area itself is open to criticism in two aspects: a. Incorrectly assigning the meaning of words; b. Translating general words as masculine. 2. Mistakes in translating phrases and sentences. 3. Mistakes in translating metaphors. 4. Not translating some words and phrases. 5. Adding sentences and phrases that do not appear in the original Arabic text.

Abstract The works Deposited for us from the family of the Prophet (PBUH) are among the most prominent and beautiful texts in every period and time. Therefore, this requires every researcher to use his scientific ability to discover the aesthetics of this great Islamic heritage and express it. Since words have a great contribution to understanding the author’s style, evaluating the craftsmanship and eloquence of the literary text, and understanding the ideas of the text and its hidden and hidden themes, analyzing them as one of the components of the literary text greatly helps the researcher to explore different aspects of the individual work by examining the category. Among the different types of linguistic elements, knowing the words is a means of accurately identifying the art and eloquence of the writings of the Infallible Imam (AS) and distinguishing them from the style of the non-innocent, and since the supplications and prayers of the Infallible Imam (PBUH) are one of the most important literary genres, and are considered one of the religions of high literary importance in terms of language and speech; Given the importance of this topic and the reliance on the descriptive analytical research method, this article has addressed this part of Imam Reza’s (PBUH) writings and to investigate the category of choosing words and their different forms in Imam Reza’s (PBUH) prayer. Mohammad Abtahi wrote a book entitled (Al-Sahifa Al-Ridhawi Al-Jami’a) with the aim of answering questions such as how words are used, their types and different functions in Imam Reza’s (PBUH) prayer and their frequency in the variety. The methods and topics were discussed. He used more abstract, symbolic, explicit and specific words in his prayer and was interested in the compatibility of words with the topic of prayer and the situations and topics used in it.

Abstract  The debates of Imams Athar (a.s.), especially Imam Reza (a.s.), are of great importance due to the wide range of topics, methods, and scientific atmosphere as part of the effective sources of explaining and promoting Islamic knowledge. In this research, the scientific and moral dimensions of the most important debates of Imam Reza (a.s.) with the followers of different religions and scientists and different people have been analyzed based on Austin’s “speech act theory” from the point of view of homology, and the purpose of this was to find out how to use the three-level model. Austin should explain the scientific and moral aspects of Searle’s five actions in the debates of Imam Reza (a.s.). Speech act theory is one of the approaches that is proposed in the field of discourse analysis, and Austin has come to the conclusion that all linguistic statements are of the type of action statements and the verb category, and in fact, every statement is a type of speech act. Based on this theory and continuing the efforts of his teacher, John Searle divided speech acts into five declarative, persuasive, obligatory, emotional, and declarative acts. By applying the theories of these two to some of the debates of Imam Reza (a.s.), the conclusion has been reached that he paid attention to what these two linguists said, which can be a suitable model for methodical and academic discussions. It has also been found that Imam Reza (a.s.) used the first two levels of actions, i.e., expressive action and purposeful action, to achieve an impactful action in his debates and conversations, to convey his intention to the audience and influence him. Therefore, it should be said that the three-level model of the sleeve, i.e. expressive action, meaning, and effect, was considered by Imam Reza (a.s.) in addition to Searle’s five actions; In such a way that by generalizing to other debates, it can be said that effective action was the result of most of Imam Reza’s (a.s.) debates and scientific discussions.
 

Abstract The theory of intergenerational justice is a theoretical response to the problem of the environmental crisis and the threat to the rights of future generations, the purpose of which is to achieve a better quality of life for all generations and to achieve the goals of sustainable development; despite the modernity of this theory in international law, attention to life and The health of all generations, including future generations, has a long history in Razavi culture; the sum of the teachings of the Qur’an and the Sunnah and the emphasis of Imam Reza’s speech and behavior indicate that the concept of intergenerational justice is a duty to secure the rights of the future generation and protect natural resources and the environment. It is social and moral and consists of three dimensions of duty and environmental responsibility, social solidarity and creation of equal opportunity, economic efficiency and sustainability of consumption, which are the dimensions of sustainable development in international law.
With the difference that in the discourse of the international law system, only the protection of the rights of future generations is taken into consideration, but in the Razavi culture, the centrality of God and the exaltation of the ontological approach of man are emphasized; in addition, justice in international law, The necessary condition is sustainable development, but in the mentioned culture, it is more than the necessary condition and continuity of life, but it is the same as the stability and survival of life; Therefore, each generation receives all public protection from the previous generations and has obligations as a trustee to protect it for future generations as beneficiaries; Also, in the mentioned culture, justice has a wide concept and in addition to the field of creation, it also includes the fields of legislation and punishment.
 

Abstract    This research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, investigates the effects of the communication between pilgrims and neighbors in the religious ritual of walking to Mashhad in the last decade of the month of Safar in 1401 solar year, on two indicators of the quality of life and the social capital of the residents. The statistical population of this research is all experts in urban and regional planning and tourism and pilgrimage services in Mashhad. By examining the individual and demographics of the members and using a sample t-test in SPSS software, the two main research questions are answered, and then the importance coefficient of each criterion is addressed through AHP (hierarchical) analysis. According to the examination of the average indicators and criteria and the significance level of the quality of life index test and the significance level of the social capital index test, it can be concluded that this social connection increases the quality of life and social capital of the residents. In the category of quality of life, respectively (quality of environment and housing), (health and social-individual well-being) and (solidarity and participation) are recognized as having high priority, and (employment and income), (education and culture), (quality of infrastructure) ) and (entertainment and free time), are in the next priorities. Also, in the prioritization and importance coefficient of the social capital category, (trust in pilgrims), (security for traveling at night) and (awareness of religious tourism) have the highest importance coefficient.

Abstract According to the unanimous hadith of SAQALAIN, Muslims pay special attention to ETRAT In the meantime, Sistani who are famous for possessing some human qualities such as belief in God, chivalry and partiality to ETRAT(a.s.) have had significant interest and connections with Imam Reza(a.s.). Investigation and analysis of the reports related to that Imam(a.s.) show that at least three people from Sistani or Sistani descent - Abu Khaled Sejestani, Muhammad bin Faraj Rokhaji and Mokhawwal Sejestani - were among the companions of Imam Reza(a.s.). Interest in Imam Reza(a.s.) in later periods has also been manifested in the behavior and speech of some Sistani elites such as Ibn Abi Dawud Sejestani, Ibn Hebban Bosti and Sana’i Ghaznavi. Ibn Abi Dawud and Ibn Hebban Bosti, who thought and acted in the religious context of Sunnah, had a narrative relationship with Imam Reza(a.s.). In the meantime, if Ibn Hebban has made any notable statements about that Imam(a.s.); In other places, he has compensated for his insolence by mentioning his frequent experience of visiting Imam Reza(a.s.) and his narrative need after visiting. The famous mystic and poet, Sana’i Ghaznavi, has also mentioned the religious position of ETRAT, especially Imam Reza(a.s.), in a long ode while using verses and HADITHS.

Abstract Razavi’s spiritual management consists of components. The purpose of the research is to identify and describe the components of spiritual management in the words and behavior of Imam Reza (AS.) by using the Quran and traditions, which is used to strengthen the role of spiritual management of a manager in guiding employees in an organization and developing the organization. The research method is based on the study of documents in a descriptive and analytical way In search of an answer to this question, what are the components of spiritual management in the biography of Imam Reza (AS)? To answer the research question, his hadiths were extracted, categorized and analyzed. The findings of the research indicate that the components of spiritual management are: vision, altruistic love, faith in work, meaningfulness in work, membership in the organization, organizational commitment, continuous improvement. To realize these components, features such as right-oriented, justice, compassion, humility, conscientiousness, empowerment, consultation, appreciation, loyalty, respect for rights, supervision and forgiveness have been identified. The achievement of this research is that the extraction of these components and their explanation in a methodical manner provides the basis for the awareness of spiritual management in the life of Imam Reza and the implementation of these components can provide a basis for a better understanding of the concepts of spirituality and management in organizations and the concept of spiritual management for Explain operationalization in organizations based on the needs of Islamic society.

Abstract Intercession and appeal is one of the important religious topics, which undoubtedly has its origin in the Qur’an and Sunnah. Rashidreza, with his intellectual efforts, interpretation and interpretation of some Quranic concepts, the Prophet’s (PBUH) and Companions, considers the prayers of Muslims to be heretical, intercession as the dominance of the intercessor’s will over the will of God, the creation and worship of the intercessor, and the prayer as a negation of God’s will. Considering the position of Rashid Reza and his views among Sunnis, it seems necessary to evaluate his intellectual foundations and analyze his approach, especially in the interpretation of al-Manar. This research, which was written with a descriptive-analytical method, has investigated the function of Razavi’s news from three aspects. First of all, considering the position and authority of Imam Reza (A.S) in explaining the beliefs of the Imamiyyah, many of Razavi’s (A.S) news can be used in the position of dispelling doubt - not removing doubt. In other words; The correct explanation of beliefs based on religious infallible reference texts leaves no room for many doubts.Second, many of Razavi’s (PBUH) reports are based on solid intellectual rules or the interpretation of Qur’anic verses, which will be accepted by all religions regardless of whether he (PBUH) is infallible or not. Thirdly, Imam Reza (A.S) has played the role of a narrator in many of his news stories, narrating news from the Prophet (S.A.W); Therefore, for Sunnis also - due to the lack of infallibility for Imam (A.S) - the opinion of considering him (A.S) as truthful will be valid. In this regard, the results are the extreme rationalism of Rashid Reza, the imposition of his mentalities on the verses and narrations, and the following contradictions. It causes his divergence from the book and tradition and his style, contrary to the belief in returning to the beliefs of the early Muslims and the essential criteria of interpretation from Almanar’s point of view.

Abstract O One of the applied branches of psychology is behavior therapy. In behavioral therapy, using experimental psychology, especially learning psychology, techniques and methods are extracted and used in order to change and often correct people’s behavior. The two schools of behaviorism, Pavlov and Skinner, together with the theory of social learning and the theory of cognitive reconstruction, have proposed the most important theories about behavior change. Using the data of these theories, this research tried to identify and present the application of behavior change methods in the life of Imam Riḍā (as) with a descriptive- analytical typology approach. The results indicate that in Razavi’s life, the methods of cognitive reconstruction and observational learning are in the position of creating desirable behavior and the methods of primary, social, exchange and feedback reinforcements are identified, also, the use of the principle of facilitation in the position of stabilizing and expanding desirable behavior and methods of inhibition, depriving positive reinforcement and compensating the position of reducing or eliminating undesirable behavior can be recognized.  

One of the applied branches of psychology is behavior therapy. In behavioral therapy using experimental psychology, especially learning psychology, techniques and methods are extracted and used in order to change and often modify people's behavior. Two schools of behaviorism, Pavlov and Skinner, along with social learning theory and cognitive reconstruction theory, have proposed the most important theories about behavior change. Using the data of these theories, this research tries to identify and present the application of behavior change methods in the life of Imam Reza (a.s.) with a descriptive-analytical typology approach. The results indicate that in Razavi's way, the methods of cognitive reconstruction and observational learning in the position of creating desirable behavior, and the methods of primary, social, exchange and feedback reinforcements, as well as the use of the principle of facilitation in the position of ...

Abstract Family is the foundation of society and the first center of its education and health is the first necessity of creating a religious and law-abiding society. On the other hand, the child is the capital entrusted to the parents so that through this passage, his abilities will be actualized and the perfect and creative human being will attain the divine attributes which is the philosophy of creation. The family, which is considered to be the most influential educational unit for children, emerged following social, economic and cultural changes, regrettably in Iran and the world, and in spite of huge industrial progress and greater prosperity, it has faced various open and hidden challenges and has failed to fulfill its mission. Undoubtedly, revitalizing its functions, including raising children, is considered vital. Is Imam Riḍā (as) whose words and behavior are proof and done according to Allah’s will, is he strict on the principles and methods of raising a child after birth in order to achieve educational goals? In these lines, the author has taken a step by reading sources in a library method and presenting them in a descriptive-analytical method, and the source of extracting principles and methods is his theoretical and practical way. The principles of children’s heterogeneity, love, justice and honoring the child with a religious name are of special interest to him. The following educational background methods, some of which are dedicated to the first week of childbirth and some of which are more inclusive, have been emphasized by Imam (as): Mother’s milk, choosing a wise and healthy nurse, saying adhān and iqāmah in the child’s ear, choosing a good name, aqīqah, giving alms according to the weight of the hair, circumcision, healthy nutrition, insisting on prayer, learning the Qur’an, familiarity with the teachings of the thought of Ahl al-Bayt (ah), politeness, praising positive actions, conditioning upbringing, keeping promises and punishing properly. Undoubtedly, if the family and education system is affected by the mentioned approaches, its output will be righteous and law-abiding children.