Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract Maʾmūn's approach in confronting Imam Riḍā (as) is unique among the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs; because he took a hypocritical approach to the point that he offered the Imam to accept the government and insisted on him accepting this. The purpose of this article is to analyze the encounter of Imam Riḍā (as) with Maʾmūn as a pretender man. Hence, the main question of the article is to achieve the pattern of confrontation of Imam Riḍā (as) in the face of Maʾmūn's hypocritical actions. The research method is text hermeneutics with an "inferential and author-centered" approach. The findings show that the actions of the Imam in the face of Maʾmūn's pretense can be analyzed in the form of "otherness-maker", "revealing", "insightful" and "expedient" actions that the last action of the Imam prevails the previous three actions. All the actions of the Imam are performed in the realm of "divine will". The prevailing spirit of the Imam's actions is "guidance", which looks at both the individual pretender and the general public in Islamic society, and this is the fundamental difference between the Islamic approach and other approaches. The Imam not only considers the guidance of Maʾmūn as a pretending hypocrite, but in this regard he does not hesitate to provide advice and guidance in the interests of the Islamic society and even to reform his government.

Abstract The achievement of the insight of Islamic unity and the formation of a united nation, which is based on the Qur'an, has long been considered by the Prophet (PBUH) and the infallible Imams (A.S). accordingly, in Imam Reza's era and after development of debates, Imam Reza found an opportunity to debate with leaders of Islamic religions and take a s step towards unity among Muslims. This article has been written to find strategies to achieve Islamic unity based on the Razavi words. From this perspective, the question of this research is: What are the strategies to achieve Islamic unity based on the words of Imam Reza (AS) and how can we achieve it? The method of research is descriptive-analytical and of a fundamental type and by the study of Razavi words (AS), the strategies for achieving Islamic unity will be revealed. The study of the words of Imam Reza (AS), for the purpose of identifying the strategies of Islamic unity, showed that he established equality and unity among Muslims by appropriate words and actions in different situation against Abbasid caliphate, and he emphasized the culture of Islamic unity among all Muslims. Among the most important strategies that Imam Reza has expressed in his hadiths on Islamic unity are: monotheistic insight, emphasis on the Qur'an, alignment with the Prophet's traditions, attention to the ambition of Mahdiism, continuance with Salavat (Peace be upon Mohammad and his family), paying attention to the principles of unity in the debates and faithful brotherhood.

Abstract Position of Imam Reza (PBUH) is regarded as the sensitive point of Shiite history. This sensitivity is considered from some perspectives: political and social changes of Abbasside era (and particularly caliphate of Mamoon) on the one hand and acceptance of position of Imam Reza (PBUH) on the other hand. Study of political tradition of Imam Reza (PBUH) is conducted based on the fact that political tradition of innocent imams is not only historical reality but also contains valuable advices and principles for their followers. Main focus of this paper is interaction of Imam Reza (PBUH) with despotism (particularly during position of Imam Reza). Some historical issues were raised as introduction of discussion and for showing social and political condition and two periods before his position and after his position have been studied. Classification of changes into periods before position and after position of Imam Reza (PBUH) has clarified results of movement and conduct of Imam (PBUH). In period after his position, some probabilities and doubts of Imam Reza (PBUH) are discussed and political positions of Imam are mentioned. Conclusion Section mentions some results of this paper by mentioning some instances of Hazrat’s tradition and emphasizes that we should note that fighting against and opposing to the oppressive rulers based on fixed principles of Shiite teachings (absolute negation of ungodly government ) and considering time and space circumstances (cooperation with foe of God by observing some considerations ) can take different forms and this is exactly the thing which has been manifested in tradition of the household of the prophet of Islam. What has been clarified based on these teachings is that discontinuation of struggle and opposition has not been ordered and it is not permissible to compromise with the oppressors even under the hardest conditions despite different forms of opposition to oppressive rulers but form of struggle and expedient things should be considered.

Abstract Review and analyze the impact on Imam Reza’s role on khorasan of different dimension is significant.
The presence blessed of Imam was significant impact political and specially cultural on khorasan.
Perhaps the various factors of the departure of Imam Reza to khorasan and also the impact and importance role of Velayat of Imam researches less have paid of the cultural and scientific environment on age.
This paper has attempted to explain the Marv in past,in history of scientific and cultural be paid in khorasan.
Recognizing this situation with the science development and liberal space in Marv was the best opportunity for Imam,to the role of culture in the Muslim community with expressing opinions and strong views expressed in Shiaa.
Make a space science and free belief in Marv for the first time in the history of the Abbasian showed that now the ideas and teaching of the shiaa,can based reasoning and logic to prove the superiority over the other school of thought and jarispredence.

Abstract The issue of Imam Reza's succession to Caliphate in Abbasid Court was the most important political matter ever happened during the political history of the Imams. Al-Ma'mun offered the caliphate seat, for which his ancestors fought and struggled for many years and he willingly killed his own brother to have, to his family's rival through insist and threats and without any price to pay. Despite his ancestors' legitimate struggle to take back this seat, Imam Reza refused to accept the succession.
  This event brought up different assumptions for many researchers. With a political hypothesis and exploring some opinions that attribute Mu'tazilites or Shiite notions to al-Ma'mun, an with a brief eye on the issue of Imamate from the Shiite and Mu'tazilites points of view, this paper examines the succession issue outside the boundaries of political motivations and introduces the religious beliefs of the both parties involved as well as their political stands as effective factors in their insists and denials over the issue.