Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract The aim of the present research is to identify the requirements and solutions for the realization of Islamic governance based on religious teachings and the Seerah of Imam Reza (AS) using a qualitative study method and a thematic analysis approach. The required information was collected through semi-structured deep interviews and analyzed using the Colaizzian pattern. The study population consisted of knowledgeable elites on the subject, including university professors, seminary scholars, and some Razavi researchers in Isfahan province in 1402, 13 of whom were interviewed based on theoretical and purposive sampling according to the saturation principle. Data analysis led to the extraction of three main themes, including Infrastructure (with three sub-categories of improving social relations, legal and ethical frameworks), Resources and Facilities (with two sub-categories of culture and technology, knowledge and information), and Support and Supervision (with three sub-categories of political-religious and ideological support, financial-credibility and security, and bilateral supervision) accompanied by 48 sub-concepts and 168 general concepts. The examination of the requirements and solutions for the realization of Islamic governance showed that the Seerah of Imam Reza (AS) is rich in political and social concepts and ideas that can provide a basis for the promotion of Islamic governance on one hand,

Abstract This research investigates and analyzes the features of good governance in the biography of Imam Reza (AS). Considering the importance of good governance and its role in the realization of social justice, the present research aims to identify and examine the characteristics of good governance by analyzing the texts and sources related to the biography of Imam Reza (a.s.). The findings of the research show that although Imam Reza (a.s.) was not in direct control of the government, he emphasized on observing social rights and resolving disputes. Also, transparency and public participation were among the characteristics of good governance in the life of Imam Reza (a.s.), which helped to realize social justice and strengthened public trust. In addition, respect for human rights and human dignity is also one of the principles of good governance. This principle means preserving basic human rights and freedoms, respecting cultural and religious diversity, and adhering to the principles of humanity. These measures strengthen human values, promote trust and create a dynamic and stable society. Therefore, reflecting on the importance of paying attention to people’s needs in promoting welfare and social justice from the perspective of Razavi’s way of life and Islamic governance, helps us to find the best solutions and policies. To meet people’s needs and to promote welfare and social justice.

Abstract A successful manager is someone who, in situations, reaps the best and fastest benefits at times of crisis. In dealing with unusual set of circumstances, a crisis manager provides a reasonable solution to reclaim the fundamental interests and values. These uncustomary occurrences usually get recognized as signs of being a threat to the whole existence of the organization and a rather surprising event, thus, the need for immediate decision and change is fittingly acknowledged. Researchers of various management fields have studied both generalized and specialized behaviors of divine managers to discover the management principles existing within Islamic values. This paper has studied the topic by utilizing the analytical-descriptive method by means of Hermeneutic analysis procedure and a qualitative approach of phenomenology. The following findings answer the inquest regarding the approach of Imam Riḍā (as) to being offered the successor position by Maʾmūn Abbasi. First of all, the mainly related and important components of that era are examined. Furthermore, both opportunity and threat inducing components are studied in the form of contextual and governmental constituents. Then, using the approach of Imam Riḍā (as) in this case, the actions took by His Majesty (as) are examined in managing the crisis at the time, whether it’s related to pre-crisis preventions and preparation or during the crisis itself and post-crisis management proceedings.

Abstract Answering suspicions requires knowing and applying skills, some of which are called scientific competencies. This article is organized in a descriptive analytical way and seeks to find scientific methods to answer the suspicions in Razavi's biography. By paying attention to the biography of the eighth Imam of the Shiites, it can be seen that these abilities are methodically divided into two categories: intellectual and narrative. According to the findings of this article, some of the methods that Imam Riḍā (as) used to respond to suspicions are:
Citing the Holy Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah, attention to the origins and causes of suspicion, benefit from the arguments of rationality, argument of success and patience and division, methodological development, canceling the false requirements of suspicion, citing ideas accepted by the audience, sensitization of the rational, correct explanation of skeptical concepts and ideas and taking advantage of the correct history.

Abstract In this review, five books from the books and productions of the advertising deputy of Astan Quds Razavi were reviewed. In the evaluation of children's books, three goals were pursued, which is to evaluate the books in the field of "content, construction and structure and images" from the perspective of the child. The statistical population in this study is all children aged 6 to 11 years old living in Mashhad who entered the holy shrine of Razavi in the fall of 1398. The sample was 63 children who were selected by purposive sampling. The research approach is evaluative and the studied method is content analysis with semi-structured interview tools. The results showed that the book “I; Green scarf; Dad” has been the most attractive for children in different dimensions. In other words, the best evaluation by children belongs to this book. After that, the book "Abrak and the Wise Girl" received the least criticism due to its different construction and structure and colorful pictures. The book "Be Like Imam Riḍā (as)", although it had many attractions for children, also had some criticisms. The title of the command and the length of the book are the most important of them. The most important critiques of the book "Emad and the Caravan of Giants" are, on the one hand, the images in which most of the dark colors are used, and on the other hand, the title of the book. The book "Father's House" has the most criticism and the weakest evaluation, which has had a low appeal for children.

Abstract The moral nurture of trainees is of the most important problem in every educational system. The aim of this research is explanation of features of curriculum’s components for moral nurture in regard to Imam Riḍā’s (as) educational method. Approach of the research is descriptive and its method is research synthesis. The research population is all articles (30 articles), which have been presented from 2008 to 2020 about the Imam Riḍā’s (as) educational method. The research sample is 19 articles, which have been chosen systematically on thematic monitoring and theoretical data saturation. The data of research have been gathered from descriptive analysis of studying documents. By analyzing the data, the feature of curriculum’s components is organized on 6 dimensions, 25 factors due to Miller’s theory. Based on results, the goals of curriculum for moral nurture must be diverse, targeted, flexible and democratic, the positive, and amendatory moral training, active methods, and, direct and indirect methods. Learner is spontaneous, interactive, independent and responsible; and teacher has professional skills, communication skills and has moral virtues and is a handsome person; Assessment of the moral nurture process is continuous and comprehensive in which is concerned self-assessment and moderation principle and the fit learning environment must have ethical and religious atmosphere.

Abstract The era of Imamate and leadership of Imam Riḍā (as) coincided with cultural threats against pure Mohammadi thought and Muslim beliefs, so that translating Greek and Indian books to promote atheistic and anti-Islamic thoughts, as well as propagating the heads of other religions, distorting and counterfeiting hadiths and the emergence of different sects such as Ghulāt, Mufawwaḍeh, Mushabbaheh, Mujassameh, etc. have encountered his era with a variety of religious and cultural crises. In such an atmosphere, the Imam tried to provide the grounds for perfection and prosperity by reforming the beliefs and attitudes, and by culturalizing the execution and people's avoiding from the prohibitions of the sacred law of Islam. Prayer is one of the religious practices that the Imam tried to cultivate it in the society by purifying it and removing the superstitions and distortions from it. This article based on descriptive-analytical method examines the teachings and behavior of Imam Riḍā (as) and considers the educational methods adopted by him as a model for the cultivation of prayer in Islamic society. The article shows that by applying educational methods of modeling, exhortation, encouragement, warnings and fear, giving insight, and indirect way in the life, one can culturalize the prayer in the religious community by following the instructions of Imam Riḍā (as).

Abstract "Soft power" is an essential keyword in contemporary political science vocabulary and its meaning has a long history, and in the conduct of the infallible Imams, there are often examples of attention and application. In the meantime, Imam al-Riḍā's (as) individual and state conduct is full of cases that show his particular interest in this fateful concept whether in the crown prince period or after. The present article is an attempt to explain the principles, tools, and examples of the application of soft power in Imam Riḍā's (as) conduct, which has tried to illustrate the comprehensiveness of this concept in his words and action. The findings show that monotheism, imamate and justice along the prophecy form the basic principles of Raḍavī's soft power, and taqīyya (reservation), debate and miracle are among the most important tools used by the Imam in the area of enforcing the soft power. Also, based on these principles and tools, and within the framework of the roadmap, the application of the Raḍavī’s soft power to the Imamiyyah Shiites, scholars of other religions, theologians, and the government of Mamūn ‘Abbāsī can be illustrated as illustrative examples for describing the Raḍavī’s soft power system,  and by analyzing them, the supreme position of the use of soft power from the point of view of Imam Riḍā (as) based on historical evidence while using a descriptive-analytical method can be shown; an application that illustrates the extent of Riḍā's (as) soft struggle with the caliphate.

Abstract Religious books and doctrines, the notion of infallible Imams (P.B.U.T.) and their words and narrations for enlightenment and anti-authoritarianism are important theoretical principles in the Resistance Literature which always invite human beings to good morals to gain salvation. Accordingly, Manner and Culture of Razavi based on the culture of Resistance have had a dramatic effect on Persian literature and has created the reflection of Resistance effects in the poems of Iranian poets. Manner and Culture of Razavi has always been considered as a lead for the life of Iranian people due to the existence of the shrine of Imam Reza (A.S.) in Iran and its reflection of the Resistance effects in the poetry of Iranian poets; for this reason, we intend to explain and analyze Manner and Culture of Razavi, as one of the principles of Resistance Literature in this research. The purpose of this research is to introduce Razavi's culture as one of the principles of Iran’s Resistance Literature and its representation in contemporary poetry of poets with an analytical descriptive approach. After assimilating various sources and also considering the existence of Resistance effects affected by the themes of Manner and Culture of Razavi and their representation in the poems of Resistance poets, Razavi's Manner and Culture can be considered as the principles of Iran’s Resistance Literature.

Abstract One of the basic issues in the field of anthropology, which in turn is an attempt to demonstrate the superiority of a philosophical-social school over other competing schools, is explaining the nature of "human dignity" and its origins, significance and human, religious, moral, legal and social achievements. The present article is a comparative study of theoretical and practical components of "human dignity" from the perspective of the religious anthropology of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) with the foundations of humanism anthropology. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical. Among the most fundamental theoretical and practical advantages of human dignity from the perspective of religious anthropology of the Imam as well as the achievements and innovations of the present paper are: the development of the horizons of thought and realism of a Muslim on objective and existential truths; non-uniqueness of the epistemic resources in the sense and experience and its development on the sources of revelation in line with a deeper recognition of the instances of the right and the wrong, and good and evil; the imposition of "human dignity" on the fields of "inherent" and "acquired and valued", the emergence of inherent dignity and the acquisition of man from God, the ability to arbitrarily deny the inherent dignity of man by himself, the imposition of man's dignity, as well as the spiritual, individual and eternal fields on material, worldly, social and governmental areas; infrastructure nature of the humanity of man and superstructure nature of its material, sensual and instinctive needs; the non-contradiction nature of Islamic penalties with human dignity.

Abstract One of the important factors for durability and survival of a system and government is the appointment of competent managers and agents for decision making in the society. Thought, behavior and performance of these managers could improve Islamic behaviors and values of the society, create trust between people and rulers and solve society problems. Accordingly, attention to the internal and external competencies of managers in their selection and appointment is considered necessary. Using descriptive-analytic method in this research, the merit criteria - based on the scientific and practical creed of Imam Reza (AS)- derived and finally five-faced model (Knowledge, Skill, Self-concept, Feature, Motivation) introduced as the final model in the form of two categories of soft and hard competencies.

Abstract One of the challenges in the current higher education systems is carelessness towards fostering of thought and thinking skills in students. Razavi conduct has useful implications for facing this challenge. Regarding the importance of Teacher training centers and professors’ role in them, so the purpose of this paper is to examine the educational methods for rational education in Razavi conduct with the focus of professors’ role and their teaching methods toward fostering thought in student-teachers. For gathering data, the descriptive-analytical method was used. So that with the help of reliable religious references about Razavi conduct, some information about rational education and suitable teaching methods for them were explored and then this information were described and categorized. Finding revealed that there are five teaching methods based on Razavi conducts, including: Individual Instruction, Group Discussion, Question and Answer, Debate, Learning by Byword. Also, using each of these methods by professors needs special communication and teaching skills. Based on the results, some suggestions were offered including: emphasize on students-teachers and their professors thinking skills as a criteria for employment, doing continuous assessment of thinking abilities in employees and adding one or several courses in rational education.

Abstract                      According to Shi’ism, the infallible Imams are neither the founders of the divine religion, nor do they play any role increasing or decreasing it.  As religious authorities, they are supposed to elucidate the truth of religion and Prophet Mohammad’s true tradition and seerah, which has been deliberately or unknowingly subject to different interpretations in the course of time and in different periods of history. This might have driven the prophetic seerah out of its true direction.  This research, which has been inspired to investigate the genealogy of a moral teaching, dealing with the tradition of family in Razavi seerah, purports to examine the roots and sources of Imam Reza’s statements in this regard and demonstrate how the issue of family, which is currently a complicated, important, and to some extant ambiguous topic, is reflected in his words. The requirements to establish a family and the kind of relationship that can consolidate it and create a dignified and appropriate life are of concern for many people these days. In this research, we examine the reflections of this issue in Imam Reza’s language and seerah, and more importantly explore the sources of imam’s data in this respect, or its genealogy. We try to answer this question by investigating the Imam’s quotations and comparing them with those of his predecessors. The hypothesis of this research is that Imam’s primary motivation for citing the words of the Prophet and other religious leaders has been to revive the Islamic traditions and promoting religious values and also to gain support for his remarks and comments, which is necessary to make one’s words more effective and persuade the audience in promoting and explaining the religion.                    

Abstract This article has analyzed the Strategies of Imam Reza (AS) on Proximity religions for identifying and introducing this strategy for the unity of the Islamic religions in the modern world. With a vision inspired by the Quran and prophetic tradition, Imam Reza (AS) like the other Imams (AS) always emphasized on the approximation of religions in the expression, opinion and action. In the Razavi style, the divine religions with different effects, have a single nature, making their co-existence possible. This study was descriptive - analytic and necessary data has been collected by using documentary technique and studying books and articles. The results showed that the attitude of Imam Reza (AS) towards divine religions, has been to reveal approximation and convergence of them. In this respect, Imam' strategies has been dialogue with other religions emphasizing on the religious awareness and common ideas of religions, commitment to ethics in human relations with the followers of other religions, and the principle of unity and representation of the Islamic faith principles in the context of divine religions.