Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract Knowing the "Truth of ʿArsh" has always been one of the most complex and important issues for scientists and people of knowledge, the reason for which is the noble verses of the Qur'an: “Most Gracious is firmly established on the throne” (Ṭāhā, 5) and related hadiths that clearly speak about ʿArsh; therefore, religious thinkers, including commentators and theologians, have examined and searched for this. The purpose of the research is to investigate the true concept of ʿArsh, considering the necessity of knowing it in the field of cosmology, theology, and divine knowledge, to seek a clear answer to some ambiguities, such as the thinking of the sect moshbeheh and mojassameh, which exist in this matter. And the result of the research according to the hadiths of Imam Riḍā (as), especially the hadith of Khājeh  Abāṣalt from Imam Riḍā (as), is that Allah’s throne is not material and it has an independent truth and is of the type of unseen truths and in the order of immaterial worlds, and what is meant by the truth of the throne is the place of planning and management and the divine lordship and authority that was the source of issuing world orders, and all divine commands lead to it, and ʿArsh is also considered as divine knowledge.

Abstract Hadith is the second source of Islamic teachings. Problems such as distortion, shifting of letters, forgetfulness and mistakes of narrators, etc. have made it difficult to access authentic hadiths. Muslim thinkers, especially Shia and Sunni hadith scholars, try to determine the correct hadiths by relying on reliable criteria. Although the difference in criteria has caused the result of their efforts to be different in most cases; but in some cases, both groups agree on the authenticity of a hadith. Based on the analytical descriptive method, this article tries to examine the approach of Sunnis understanding the hadith concept to the hadiths of Imam Riḍā (as). The result of the research shows that Sunni hadith scholars consider many hadiths of the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) and even the virtues of the Prophet (pbuh) as well as the medical hadiths of Imam Riḍā (as) to be weak or made up by his narrators. But the interpretative and moral hadiths of that imam have relative authenticity and acceptability among them. The result of this research is used in the field of "common hadith" studies as well as the scientific authority of the Ahl al-Bayt (as) as well as it is useful in the field of studies on the approximation of religions.

Abstract Well-known Imami jurists do not consider the repentance of a natural apostate permissible; at the same time, they give a fatwa not to accept his repentance. In contrast, well-known Sunni jurists issue a fatwa stating the obligation of the natural apostate to repent, which requires accepting his repentance. The narrations of apostate repentance are of three types; Some are absolute and silent about repentance. The second group speaks of the necessity of repentance. The third part is the narrations that speak about the impermissibility of the repentance of a natural apostate. This third part, the main documentary, is the cause of restricting the absolute narrations and also carrying the narrations of the obligation of repentance to non-natural apostates. The most important narration in the third part, which is acceptable both in terms of document and meaning, is the narration of Ali ibn Jaʿfar from Imam Riḍā (as). Therefore, considering the importance of the issue of execution of natural apostate and its controversial nature in criminal and criminal societies, its analysis and evaluation seems necessary. According to the findings of this study, which is comparatively descriptive-analytical, this narration cannot indicate the sanctity of repentance by the ruler; Because it has been issued as an illusion of necessity. Hence the need for caution in killing, and in accordance with the principle of innocence, and the lack of text on not accepting the repentance of a natural apostate, the famous view of Imami jurists in this regard, is worth considering.