Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract Razavi poetry is a part of religious poetry and includes poems written about Imam Reza (a.s.). This type of poetry is part of lyrical literature and in it the religious and mystical emotions of the poet are expressed through a poetic and lyrically artistic language. The present research project has been done based on descriptive-analytic method. The aim of it is to answer questions about the ways attributes of lyrical literature are incorporated into the texture of Razavi poetry of Maleko Shoara Bahar and Ali Mousavi Garmarodi. The results from this research show that the content and emotional patterns have been transmitted in the form of mourning hymns, poems describing Imam’s images, states and sufferings. Formal and linguistic features are presented through the use of interrogative, declarative, and exclamatory sentences with special purposes, heavy and light meters, simile metaphor, onomatopoeic arrangement, and musicality of words, all of which are intended for inducing special feelings.

Abstract Imam Riḍā (as) and his virtues have been a famous topic for many Shiite religious poems from the past until now; thus, the poems Khalajātun fi Safar al-Qalb (Rummages in travel of  the heart) by Abbas Yasin and Gūshwāreh Arsh (Earring of the Heaven) by Mousavi Garmaroudi have been studied in a descriptive-analytical method based on the American school of comparative literature to recognize stylistic and emotional features that two  poets have in common in depicting character and life of the Imam in a literary way for his followers. One of the achievements of this research is to pay attention to the fact that the generosity and commitment to principles of justice of the eight Imam have had of great importance for both among other virtues of him. This point can indicate that both literary representatives, influenced by the spiritual, social, political and cultural conditions of the time, consider themselves more than ever-in need to the help of Imam (as). The Persian poet, to achieve his goal, have employed imagination, figures of speech, and also in advancing innovative images, in a more efficiently compare to Arab poet; at the same time, applying scientific facts in a poetic composition did not make it difficult to understand his poetry, but by understanding these facts, the audience's pleasure has doubled. On the other hand, Abbas Yasin's poetry is also reflecting his emotional attitudes, to the extent that one could scarcely find figures of speeches and imagination in his poems. But, afterwards, both poets, more than anything else, draw the audience to the spiritual aspects of the personality of Imam Riḍā (as) and his generosity and fairness which highlight the important topic of twassul (appeal), which is one of the important issues of Shiite religion.

Abstract Islam is the most important factor of national unity and the power of Islamic-Iranian culture. Religious teachings, the portrait of the Innocents, their brave and constructive speeches and narratives are considered as the important theoretical foundations for enlightenment and opposing oppression in Persian stability literature.
In fact, Imam Reza’s debates with the great persons and scientists of various religions are among these theoretical themes. Accordingly, Imam Reza’s debates, which are based on stability culture, have had an influential impact on Persian literature creating reflections of stability in contemporary Razavi poetry.
The present study has been conducted in order to delineate stability reflections in Imam Reza’s debates and their representation in Safar Zadeh and Mousavi Garmaroudi’s poetry with a descriptive-analytic approach.  The results show that Imam Reza has taken the best and most efficient strategy to preserve the religious teachings and beliefs against the ignorance of the pretenders of different sects. Moreover, the findings indicate that reflections such as: intellectual movement against ignorance, bravery against deniers, free-thinking, justice, patience, protecting the underdog, martyrdom based on awareness-raising are among Imam Reza’s debate topics which have been represented in Razavi poetry of the above-mentioned poets.