Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract This research is written with the aim of determining and explaining the foundations of strengthening the family institution in the teachings of the Quran and Hadith and in an analytical-descriptive method, and it states that these foundations can be investigated in the verses of the Quran and the traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBUH) in the two periods before and after marriage. . Since the main pillars of the family are the man and the woman, choosing a worthy spouse before marriage is the most important principle in strengthening the family institution. If the choice of a spouse is made wisely and based on stable principles, then the first step in strengthening the family institution has been taken. The most important principles for choosing a spouse; Being equal in dignity, religion, morals, and the originality of the couple's family. After marriage, good association, moderation and moderation in all stages of life, expression of love and affection, patience in problems and forgiveness of mistakes, knowing each other and mutual understanding and placing justice and fairness in relationships are the most important foundations of strengthening the family institution. They form The result is that careful selection before marriage and good and pleasant morals and good socializing after marriage are the most important factors that can build a strong and stable tent and protect the foundation of the family from possible harm and damage.

Abstract Human societies perform special rituals to perpetuate beliefs, strengthen norms, and maintain behavioral patterns. Such rituals are usually repeated regularly on certain days of the year, which are considered different from other days; Therefore, for religious people, time is not uniform, but some times are “holy” and others are “unholy”, each of which has special customs. According to religious texts, among the holy times, but also the most holy time for Muslims, is the day of “Ghadir”. According to the author, there is no balance between days of sadness and happiness in Iran. Despite the priority of Ghadir over all Eid days, it does not have a proper place in the life of the Iranian world, compared to Nowruz and Ashura days. Inspired by semiotic techniques, the author has analyzed Ghadir as a sacred time, based on the texts left by Imam Reza (AS). In addition to expressing the high position of Ghadir among Islamic holidays, the text also teaches the way of marking and cultural policy in the field of sacred time. The results of the research indicate that Ghadir has been marked in such a way that if it is implemented according to the policies of Imam (a.s.), it can achieve components such as “social cohesion”, “spiritualization and connection of people to the sky”, “psychological comfort”, “liberation and society’s purity”, “material development and prosperity” and “historical identity”.

Abstract According to the unanimous hadith of SAQALAIN, Muslims pay special attention to ETRAT In the meantime, Sistani who are famous for possessing some human qualities such as belief in God, chivalry and partiality to ETRAT(a.s.) have had significant interest and connections with Imam Reza(a.s.). Investigation and analysis of the reports related to that Imam(a.s.) show that at least three people from Sistani or Sistani descent - Abu Khaled Sejestani, Muhammad bin Faraj Rokhaji and Mokhawwal Sejestani - were among the companions of Imam Reza(a.s.). Interest in Imam Reza(a.s.) in later periods has also been manifested in the behavior and speech of some Sistani elites such as Ibn Abi Dawud Sejestani, Ibn Hebban Bosti and Sana’i Ghaznavi. Ibn Abi Dawud and Ibn Hebban Bosti, who thought and acted in the religious context of Sunnah, had a narrative relationship with Imam Reza(a.s.). In the meantime, if Ibn Hebban has made any notable statements about that Imam(a.s.); In other places, he has compensated for his insolence by mentioning his frequent experience of visiting Imam Reza(a.s.) and his narrative need after visiting. The famous mystic and poet, Sana’i Ghaznavi, has also mentioned the religious position of ETRAT, especially Imam Reza(a.s.), in a long ode while using verses and HADITHS.

Abstract Al-Kāfī Twelver Shīʿī ḥadīth collection by Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb al-Kulaynī is one of the most important ḥadīth collections of Shi'ites. Some orientalists have studied the differences between this book and other Shi'ite hadith collections, Basâ'ir al-darajât, and concluded that although the book of Al-Kāfī is similar to 'Basāer al-Dārājat in content, representing the dominant atmosphere of the city of Qom, but because it has addressed the rationalist Shi'a of Baghdad, it has chosen the modest way in the choice of hadiths and their arrangement; and unlike the book of Basâ'ir al-darajât, things that have extraordinary content, such as infinite knowledge of the Imams, the abnormal sources of these sciences, and the ability to revive the dead, are not mentioned in this book. In this study, a comparison was made between the two books of Al-hojah Al-Kāfī and Basâ'ir al-darajât, and common and uncommon Hadiths and sections of the two books were extracted in order to answer the question whether the book of Al-hojah Al-Kāfī and Basâ'ir al-darajât differentiate between the characteristics of Imamate and the virtues of the Imams (P.B.U.T.), which has been raised in Basâ'ir al-darajât, is really neglected by al-Kulaynī. Finally, one of the sections which was only stated in Al-Kāfī (Special and comprehensive section in the virtues and traits of the Imam) was analyzed by the method of content analysis and it became clear that, contrary to the claims, this detailed narration of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) speaks of Divine Appointment, Infallibility and Unlearned Science as the characteristics of the Imam and attributes of Imamate.

Abstract ''Monotheism" is the most basic belief of Islam and other religious teachings and human values education emanates from it. Inherent Monotheism is the most important kind of Monotheism and the base of all Monotheism levels. Imam Reza (A.S.), like other Imams, has paid special attention to this vital issue. The two main questions of this article are: What is the stance of Imam Reza (A.S.) on Inherent Monotheism? And how can one, based on a philosophical look, reveal the hidden implications of the monotheistic viewpoint of Imam Reza (A.S.)? The results are as follows: In the words of Imam Reza (A.S.), three explanations of Inherent Monotheism have been observed: 1- Proofing Oneness without basing on Unity 2. Proofing Unity without basing on Oneness 3. Proofing Unity on the basis of Oneness. The proof of negation of limitation of God in the words of Imam Reza (A.S.) is not on the one hand dependent on Unity and is proofed independent of it. Thus, the argument is the same as the first form of Monotheism and, on the other hand, the same negation of God's limitation is the proof of Unity, and therefore, this argument is the third form, and the second form appears in the fourth form, in the statements of the Imam: Negation of the traits of creatures from God, eternity and preexistence of God, the Argument of Antagonism, precession of Dualism toward Monotheism. It is also worth mentioning that, in this research, we tried to reveal some hidden implications of the narrations of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) in the subject of Monotheism using philosophical heritage of the Islamic tradition, and to analyze its parts and derivatives without attempting to impose philosophy on narrations.

Abstract Religious books and doctrines, the notion of infallible Imams (P.B.U.T.) and their words and narrations for enlightenment and anti-authoritarianism are important theoretical principles in the Resistance Literature which always invite human beings to good morals to gain salvation. Accordingly, Manner and Culture of Razavi based on the culture of Resistance have had a dramatic effect on Persian literature and has created the reflection of Resistance effects in the poems of Iranian poets. Manner and Culture of Razavi has always been considered as a lead for the life of Iranian people due to the existence of the shrine of Imam Reza (A.S.) in Iran and its reflection of the Resistance effects in the poetry of Iranian poets; for this reason, we intend to explain and analyze Manner and Culture of Razavi, as one of the principles of Resistance Literature in this research. The purpose of this research is to introduce Razavi's culture as one of the principles of Iran’s Resistance Literature and its representation in contemporary poetry of poets with an analytical descriptive approach. After assimilating various sources and also considering the existence of Resistance effects affected by the themes of Manner and Culture of Razavi and their representation in the poems of Resistance poets, Razavi's Manner and Culture can be considered as the principles of Iran’s Resistance Literature.

Abstract Applying correct practices in disputes is more effective and influences the minds and hearts of people; but incorrect ones make the opposite site of the debate more determined and fanatical in his wrong beliefs. Accordingly, Quran advises people to follow best practices in disputes and Imam Reza (A.S.) has also utilized these practices and insisted on rational, emotional and argument aspects. In these kinds of disputes, insulting and blaming the religion and beliefs of the other side is not allowed. Imam Reza (A.S.) utilized mutually acceptable beliefs of religions including Monotheism and Prophethood. In these disputes, there is no place for prejudice, militancy, self-esteem and persuasion of fame-seeking while “wise short saying and avoiding complicated saying” has highly been recommended. Other features of best practices in disputes recommended for debaters is to be fair and to admit ones mistakes –if he has made one. These kind of disputes are allowed –and even compulsory- in religious affairs and not only stop hatred and enmity, but also encompass many positive effects. On the other hand, there are some disputes that are not allowed including the ones with ignorant, debating with someone whose objective is to achieve evil goals and conflicting in what threatens the unity of Muslims and humanity. This research seeks to answer the question “what is the meaning of the best practices in disputes from Imam Reza's point of view” using descriptive-analytic method.

Abstract Debates are one the effective ways for explaining the perspicuous religion of Islam and proving its realities. As the most authentic and the most definite Divine deed, the Holy Quranhas acknowledged the effectiveness of debates and they serve as one the discursive methods used by the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H). The employment of this method by Imam Reza (A.S) in discussions with prominent leaders and theologians of different religions and factions was particularly outstanding due to its extensive reflection on Islamic and Shiite thought. Being such important, the current study attempts to consider the basics and the components of Imam Reza's scientific debates and introduce the ones mentioned also in the Holy Quran as comprehensive models for religious free-thinking and Islam dissemination, through a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the study indicate that Imam Reza's scientific debates can be divided into three main categories, namely ethical index, logical index and free-thought index, the analysis of each of which can lead to the presentation of a comprehensive model for Islam dissemination in the contemporary era. Obviously, works produced as a result of such studies could play a strategic role in propagating and spreading true Islamic culture and civilization in the contemporary era.

Abstract Like the biography of many descendants of the Imams of Shi'a, the biography of Ḥusain ibn Mūsā al-Kazim, the brother of the eighth Imam (A.S.) is somewhat obscure. There are several views about his burial place. According to the famous report, he was buried in the city of Ṭabas. The views on this subject are based on documents that one of which is a letter attributed to Imām Riẓā (A.S.). This letter was addressed to the governor of Ṭabas. It seems that the letter was written about Ḥusain ibn Mūsā. The letter reads, “A twelve years old youth from the family of the prophet, named Husain, wanted to go to Ṭabas and settle in the city”. The writer of the letter wanted the Ruler to help find the young boy. The letter asks the Ruler to inform the Imam as soon as he finds the boy. This paper examines the validity of such a letter from the Imam. Using descriptive-analytic method, the letter's document and its content are reviewed. The results revealed some errors in this letter: a) The unity of the report; b) quoted text of the letter in a later resource; c) the unknown identity of Āmir ibn Zurwāmihr; d) the inconsistency of the age of Husain with some historical reports; and e) the literary issues and some spelling problems in the text of the letter.

Abstract After the demise of the holy prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h), the life-giving school of Islam encountered two macro interpretations and attitudes, i.e. the “Alavi” and “Omavi” ones, each of which that had its own specific characteristics and indexes in different social, political and cultural aspects and discussed under the title of “Malem al Modarestein”.
One of the features of Alavi school of thought which has not been tackled so far as it deserves and has allocated a vast part of the history of Islam to itself is the study and survey of the issue of miracle and miraculous feature of the holy Qur-an.
In this research, these features have been reviewed and analyzed from the viewpoint of Ali ibn Mousalreza (A.S.), the unique flag-bearer of formal encounter with the holders of ideas and religions.
Despite the ruling views of his age and famous standpoints focusing on literary and rhetoric features of the holy Qur-an, in addition to rhetoric and imageries and regular features, he has dealt with the knowledge feature, knowing the secrets and details of knowledge and lofty monotheistic and life-creating teachings of the Qur-an which have formed the philosophy of prophetic mission of all prophets and divine saints. Furthermore, he has introduced guidance and salvation of humanity as the secrets of the Qur-immortality. 

Abstract     One of the important and applied subject-matters in the social life is the kind of the interaction and mutual behaviors among humans.  The Qur-an and the Household of the Prophet(s) as the pure Islamic sources are full of valuable teachings on the method of interaction of humans with each other in different issues.  Instructions and correspondences of Imam Reza (a.s.) as an infallible Imam which is attributed to the God and inspired from the divine sciences , is a solid and firm support for cognition and practicing these divine teachings. This research intends to respond to this main question : What are the main components in social interactions inspired from the letter of Imam Reza(a.s.) to Abdolazim Hasani(a.s.)? What has been analyzed in this article includes cases which have been collected through a problem-oriented attitude reference to the Qur-an and creditable traditions of the infallible Imams in particular the instructions and practical behaviors of Imam Reaz(a.s.) , though in presenting these components, this research does not limit itself. On this basis , the main components in the mentioned social interactions include: Greetings and salutation , veracity , trusteeship , leave a dispute , beneficence, affection , visiting each other , empathy , abstinence from division  

Abstract                      According to Shi’ism, the infallible Imams are neither the founders of the divine religion, nor do they play any role increasing or decreasing it.  As religious authorities, they are supposed to elucidate the truth of religion and Prophet Mohammad’s true tradition and seerah, which has been deliberately or unknowingly subject to different interpretations in the course of time and in different periods of history. This might have driven the prophetic seerah out of its true direction.  This research, which has been inspired to investigate the genealogy of a moral teaching, dealing with the tradition of family in Razavi seerah, purports to examine the roots and sources of Imam Reza’s statements in this regard and demonstrate how the issue of family, which is currently a complicated, important, and to some extant ambiguous topic, is reflected in his words. The requirements to establish a family and the kind of relationship that can consolidate it and create a dignified and appropriate life are of concern for many people these days. In this research, we examine the reflections of this issue in Imam Reza’s language and seerah, and more importantly explore the sources of imam’s data in this respect, or its genealogy. We try to answer this question by investigating the Imam’s quotations and comparing them with those of his predecessors. The hypothesis of this research is that Imam’s primary motivation for citing the words of the Prophet and other religious leaders has been to revive the Islamic traditions and promoting religious values and also to gain support for his remarks and comments, which is necessary to make one’s words more effective and persuade the audience in promoting and explaining the religion.