Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract   The theory of speech act, one of the components of applied linguistics, entered the field of applied linguistics with the slogan of the activism of linguistic parts of discourse. According to Austin, speaking in a specific language brings regular action in a specific context, so that changes in the behavior and thoughts of language users are manifested after verbal communication. In this sense, the application of this theory in the field of discourse phenomena caused by linguistic communication leads to a deeper and more accurate understanding of texts, especially religious texts. This research has analyzed the theology discourse of Imam Riḍā (as) with descriptive and analytical method and with the approach of language usage based on John Searle's model in discourse act. Therefore, it first mentioned the definitions of the discourse act theory with the opinions of Austin and Searle, and then it analyzed the parts of Imam's (as) speeches about Theology. The results of this research show that Imam Riḍā (as) paid attention to the choice of speech structure and parts of speech, the choice of propositions and the use of words and phrases to the listener's conditions in his discourse on theology which plays an important role in the direction of speech acts. On the other hand, the act of expressive speech has the highest frequency among other speech acts such as persuasive and emotional. This shows that Imam Riḍā (as) found his listeners uninformed and tried to make them aware in the form of interpretation and explanation. However, the implicit verb in the speech of declarative actions also brings a kind of persuasion to the audience.

Abstract Coherence is a semantic concept that refers to the semantic relationships in the text and distinguishes it as a text from non-text. Coherence is divided into three categories: grammatical, lexical and conjunctive. This study examines the coherent elements of the text based on the theory of Michael Halliday and Roghayeh Hassan in the Ghadīrīyeh Sermon of Imam Riḍā (as). According to this theory, what makes the text cohesive and unified and distinguishes it from scattered and fragmented writings is the factor of coherence. In this article, based on descriptive-analytical method and by drawing diagrams, lexical factors of text coherence, such as (homogeneity, contradiction, grammatical coherence and similar observance) and repetition (words and phrases) were extracted from the text of Ghadīrīyeh Sermon and analyzed by giving examples. The result is that the factors of coherence in the text of the sermon have been observed and have made it more coherent and continuous. What has made the text of the sermon coherent is not merely the observance of the principle of coherence; rather, it is due to the inner harmony between the layers of the text of the sermon, which arises from the deep understanding of the speaker and the understanding beyond the relations between words, as well as the power of literary creation and blowing the soul into the body of words; something that, if done correctly, has led to the resurrection of words.

Abstract      Sign-semantics is a tool for evaluating how to generate and get meaning in discourse analysis.  This new science, with the backing of classical semiotics, provides the opportunity for signs to appear with new signatures in a forward direction.  In this paper, using a descriptive analytical method, and in order to examine the semantic sign of the discourse of Imam Riḍā (as), the “Prayer asking for rain” was selected for research.  This prayer is due to the nature of narrative discourse, which contains many acts and values, and regarding its semantic sign of governing systems, worth to be considered.  Imam as the heir and flagship of Imamate, like other Imams, has the task of transferring and promoting the concept of Imamate. To realize this, they use a number of obvious and hidden methods, but in the face of Mamūn, like some Imams, he proceed the way of taqīyah, and indirectly induces the concept of their intended meaning, the hegemony of Imamate through the prayer asking for rain.  This research demonstrates the realization of how the ideal hegemony of Imam Riḍā (as) is, namely, the advent of Imamate, and, in order to identify that hegemony, we need a precise tool to deal with the variety of our discourses. Here the sign-semantics analysis, as an accurate tools, can help us realize this.  In this research, various types of discourse systems such as system of action, emotional system and tension system, and concepts for the processing of the concept, transmission of message and communication with the audience were evaluated and shown how Imam Riḍā (as) uses in the prayer, from some discourse systems, and explains the legitimacy of his wilāyat (authority)  and his purified family, and hegemonic discourse of the authority.