Journal of Razavi Culture

Abstract ''Monotheism" is the most basic belief of Islam and other religious teachings and human values education emanates from it. Inherent Monotheism is the most important kind of Monotheism and the base of all Monotheism levels. Imam Reza (A.S.), like other Imams, has paid special attention to this vital issue. The two main questions of this article are: What is the stance of Imam Reza (A.S.) on Inherent Monotheism? And how can one, based on a philosophical look, reveal the hidden implications of the monotheistic viewpoint of Imam Reza (A.S.)? The results are as follows: In the words of Imam Reza (A.S.), three explanations of Inherent Monotheism have been observed: 1- Proofing Oneness without basing on Unity 2. Proofing Unity without basing on Oneness 3. Proofing Unity on the basis of Oneness. The proof of negation of limitation of God in the words of Imam Reza (A.S.) is not on the one hand dependent on Unity and is proofed independent of it. Thus, the argument is the same as the first form of Monotheism and, on the other hand, the same negation of God's limitation is the proof of Unity, and therefore, this argument is the third form, and the second form appears in the fourth form, in the statements of the Imam: Negation of the traits of creatures from God, eternity and preexistence of God, the Argument of Antagonism, precession of Dualism toward Monotheism. It is also worth mentioning that, in this research, we tried to reveal some hidden implications of the narrations of Imam Reza (P.B.U.H.) in the subject of Monotheism using philosophical heritage of the Islamic tradition, and to analyze its parts and derivatives without attempting to impose philosophy on narrations.

Abstract The theory of "Argumentation" serves as an aspect of discourse which aims at presenting an argument to bring about an internal influence within the addressees. The process is carried out through the utilization of linguistic elements in discourse. In the present era, one might use this new method of discourse analysis to open up a new way to the authentic heritage of Imam Reza (A.S). In line with the necessities of his time and along with purification of theological discussions, Imam Reza (A.S) adopted an argumentative discourse and a guidance-oriented approach to maximally use the reasoning potential of his addresses. In addition to the scientific explanation of the argumentation theory, the study at hand has set out to answer this question: According to Imam Reza (A.S)'s doctrine, which themes serve as the main axioms of the theological arguments? Regarding the research method, the study has employed a descriptive-analytical approach. Consequently, after specification of the conceptual boundaries of the term argumentation and similar terms such as polemic, sermon, argument and persuasion, the contemporary approaches to this theory are used to categorize the themes of Divine Oneness, Imamate, and Prophecy as the frequent themes of those traditions received from Imam Reza (A.S), based on argumentative discourse. In the eyes of the authors, the Imamate theme – as the most frequent theme in Imam Reza's (A.S) theological arguments – has not only been a necessity of the time, but also an indication of a necessity in Shi'a school and Imam Reza's (A.S) cultural advice on the necessity of equipping the Shi'a with different means to prove the principle of Imamate. In other words, as a result of using this discursive style, the concept of the Imamate of the Prophet's Family (A.S) – as one of the main issues of the Muslim society and the essence of Shi'a school – receives more attention.